استفاده از مدل ارزش-باور-هنجار برای بررسی رفتار حفاظتی مبتنی بر مشارکت جامعه میزبان اکوتوریسم در جنگلهای زاگرس ( منطقه مورد مطالعه: قلعه گل، لرستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری جنگلداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‌آباد، ایران.

3 دانشیار ، گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی و توسعه روستایی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: اکوتوریسم مفهومی است که در سالهای اخیر توجهات جهانی را به خود جلب کرده و به طور معمول با مفاهیم مربوط به حفاظت از منابع طبیعی و توسعه روستایی همراه است. مطالعات نشان میدهد که اکوتوریسم دارای ظرفیت حفاظت از منابعطبیعی و بهبود معیشت جوامع میزبان گردشگری است، اما بهرهبردن مردم محلی از این ظرفیت، نیازمند مشارکت آنان در این فرایند است. لذا باید ابزاری برای تحلیل رفتار مشارکتی جامعه میزبان به عنوان یک رفتار محیطزیستی در حفاظت از اکوسیستمهای طبیعی به کار گرفت. هدف این مطالعه بررسی رفتار حفاظتی جامعه میزبان گردشگری در حفاظت جنگل مبتنی بر اکوتوریسم با استفاده از مدل ارزش-باور-هنجار است.
مواد و روشها: برای جمعآوری دادههای این تحقیق از پرسشنامه استفاده شد. پرسشنامه بر اساس مدل ارزش-باور-هنجار و با مشورت با گروه متخصصین تهیه گردید. پس از تایید روایی و پایایی، دادهها با همراهی افرادی از جامعه میزبان و به صورت مصاحبه رو در رو با افراد، جمعآوری شدند. تعداد 278 پرسش‌نامه تکمیل و در فرآیند تحلیل مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تحلیل دادهها برای آمار توصیفی با استفاده از نرمافزار SPSS23 و برای آمار استنباطی (برای بررسی روابط بین متغیرهای مستقل و وابسته در قالب مدلسازی معادلات ساختاری) با استفاده از نرم افزار Smart Pls انجام شد.
یافتهها: مقایسه مقادیر به دست آمده‏ی شاخص‏های برازش در مدل ارزش-باور- هنجار استرن با مقادیر مطلوب نشان می‏دهد که این مقادیر در حد استاندارد هستند. بنابراین براساس مقادیر شاخص‏های ارائه شده می‏توان بیان کرد که مدل استفاده شده برای بررسی قصد روستاییان میزبان برای مشارکت در حفاظت از جنگل مبتنی بر اکوتوریسم، از برازش مناسبی برخوردار است. همچنین بر اساس یافتههای پژوهش، تمامی فرضیات تحقیق در مدل ارزش- باور – هنجار تایید شدند. نتایج نشان داد که متغیرهای تحقیق در این مدل قادرند که 8/71 درصد از قصد جامعه میزبان را برای رفتارهای حفاظت از جنگل تبیین کنند.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که ارزشهای زیست کره، ارزشهای نوعدوستانه، احساس مسئولیت و آگاهی از پیامدها بر رفتار مشارکتی جامعه میزبان برای حفاظت از جنگل تاثیر دارد. با توجه به ارتباط و تعامل مردم با منابع طبیعی و نگرش مثبت قوی درباره ارزش منابع طبیعی و احترام به آن در بین مردم، میتوان از این موضوع برای تقویت رفتار حفاظت از جنگل بهره گرفته و انجام رفتار حفاظتی را به عنوان یک باور اخلاقی در بین جامعه میزبان گردشگری برجسته نمود. این راهکار می تواند به عنوان یک ابزار حفاظتی برای جنگلهای زاگرس مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Using the value-belief-norm model to investigate conservation behavior based on the participation of the ecotourism host community in Zagros forests (case study: Ghaleh-Gol forest, Lorestan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akram Latifiniya 1
  • Rahim Maleknia 2
  • Mehdi Rahimian 3
1 forestry department, Lorestan University, Iran.
2 Forestry Department, Lorestan University
3 1- Associate Professor, Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives:Ecotourism is a concept which has attracted global attention in recent years and is usually associated with the concepts of natural resource conservation and rural development. Studies show that ecotourism has the capacity to improve the livelihood of the local people in a participatory management method. Therefore, a tool should be used to analyze the cooperative behavior of the host community as an environmental behavior in the natural ecosystems conservation. The purpose of this study is to investigate the conservation behavior of the host community of forest based ecotourism in forest conservation using the value-belief-norm model.

Materials and methods: A questionnaire was used to collect research data. The questionnaire was prepared based on the value-belief-norm model and in consultation with a group of experts including forestry, rural extension, ecotourism and natural resources experts. After confirming the integrity and reliability of questionnaire, the data were collected via the face-to-face interviews. 278 completed questionnaires were used in the analysis process. Data analysis was conducted for descriptive statistics using SPSS23 software and for inferential statistics (to examine the correlation between independent and dependent variables in the form of structural equation modeling) using Smart Pls software.

Results:Comparing the obtained values of the fit indices in Stern's value-belief-norm model with the desired values shows that these values are within the standard range. Therefore, based on the values of the presented indicators, it can be concluded that the model used to investigate the intention of the host villagers to participate in forest conservation has a good fit. Also, the findings of the research indicated that all research hypotheses were confirmed in the value-belief-norm model. The results showed that the research variables in this model are able to explain 71/8% of the host community's intention for forest conservation behaviors.

Conclusion:The results of the research showed that biosphere values, altruistic values, sense of responsibility and awareness of the consequences have an effect on the cooperative behavior of the host community for forest protection. Considering the relationship and interaction of people with natural resources and strong religious beliefs and teachings about the value of natural resources and respect for them among people, this issue can be used to strengthen the pro environmental behavior of forest protection and carry out protective behavior. The study highlighted a strong moral belief among the tourism host community. This issue can be used as a ecotourism based conservation tool for zagros forests.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecotourism
  • conservation behavior
  • participation
  • value-belief-norm model
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