ساخت و ارزیابی خواص لایه جاذب فیلتر تنفسی با استفاده از نانوفیبرسلولز چوب

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ،گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 دانشیار ، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

4 استاد، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: آلودگی هوا (ریزگردها) یکی از مهمترین چالش های محیط زیستی در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان محسوب می شود. ورود این ریزگردها به درون سیستم تنفسی انسان همواره با پیامدهای جبران ناپذیر جانی همچون حمله های قلبی، کاهش حجم ریه، افزایش بعضی از ناراحتی های پوستی، گرفتگی بینی، گلو درد، سرفه و خطر ابتلا به سرطان همراه است. از طرفی برای جلوگیری از ورود این ذرات به مجاری تنفسی انواع ماسک های تنفسی پدید آمدند. ابعاد ریزگردهای معلق در هوا (کمتر از 2/5 میکرون) در حدی است که فیلترهای تنفسی معمولی توان جذب و به دام انداختن آن ها و جلوگیری از ورود آن ها به مجاری تنفسی را به سبب وجود منافذ میکرومتری، ندارند. در پژوهش حاضر لایه جاذب فیلتر تنفسی با استفاده از روش غوطه وری و جذب نانوفیبر سلولز در پارچه پنبه ای در چهار سطح مصرف نانوفیبر سلولز 0/05، 0/1، 0/2و 0/5 درصد تعیین و سپس لایه های حاوی نانوسلولز به روش خشک کن انجمادی تحت دمای منفی 50 و فشار 0/04 میلی بار ساخته و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
مواد و روشها : مواد مورد استفاده در این پژوهش ژل نانوفیبر سلولز تهیه شده از شرکت دانش بنیان نانونوین پلیمر ، کربوکسی متیل سلولز و اسید سیتریک تهیه شده از شرکت دکتر مجللی، پارچه نخی بعنوان بستر از شرکت لیو (live) می باشد. روش های آنالیز نمونه های تولید شده در این پژوهش عبارت اند از: آزمون طیف سنجی مادون قرمز فوریه (ATR-FTIR)، آزمون طیف سنجی پراش اشعه ایکس (XRD)، آزمون افت فشار فیلتر (Pressure Drop)، آزمون میکروسکوپ الکترونی نشر میدان (FESEM) و آزمون جذب ریزگرد (Fine Particle Adsorption).
نتایج: با استفاده از آزمون FTIR ثابت شد که بستر مورد استفاده جهت نشاندن نانوالیاف سلولزی از جنس سلولز خالص بود. همچنین نتایج حاصل از آزمون XRD بر روی بستر نیز با ظهور پیک هایی در زوایای دوتتای (2θ) 22/5، 16/5، 15/5و 34/5 نشان داد که سلولز بستر از سلولز نوع بتا 1 (ß1) بود لذا این امر موجب شد تا نانوالیاف سلولزی به راحتی بتوانند با بستر پیوند برقرار کنند. میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی نشان داد نانوالیاف مورد استفاده در این پژوهش در مقیاس نانومتری (زیر 100 نانومتر) قرار داشته لذا می توانند منافذ نانومتری و زیرمیکرونی تشکیل دهند. به طور کلی با افزایش غلظت نانوفیبر سلولز، افت فشار نیز افزایش یافت. بهترین تیمار این مطالعه، نمونه 5 لایه با 2 لایه حاوی 0/5 درصد نانوالیاف سلولزی بود که راندمان جذب آن برای متوسط ذرات زیر 2 میکرون مقدار 96/18 درصد بود. راندمان جذب ریزگرد در این لایه جاذب با استاندارد N95 (تولید شده بر اساس دستورالعمل سازمان غذا و دارو) یکسان بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Fabrication and evaluation of Respiratory Filter adsorbent media properties using Wood-driven Cellulose Nanofibers

نویسندگان [English]

  • Armin Jamali 1
  • Hossein Yousefi 2
  • Mahdi Mashkour 3
  • Abolghasem Khazaeian 4
1 Doctoral student of the Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
4 Professor, Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Fine dust air pollution stands out as a paramount environmental challenge in arid and semi-arid regions globally. The infiltration of these minute particles into the human respiratory system is inherently linked to irreversible health implications, including heart attacks, diminished lung volume, heightened skin disorders, nasal congestion, sore throat, coughing, and an elevated risk of cancer. In response to this concern, diverse types of breathing masks have been developed. However, the dimensions of fine dust particles suspended in the air (less than 2.5 microns) pose a challenge for conventional respiratory filters, as their micrometer pores fail to effectively absorb and hinder these particles from entering the respiratory tract. This study focuses on enhancing respiratory filters through the application of a deep-coating method employing cellulose nanofibers on a cellulosic substrate. The concentrations investigated include 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.5%. Subsequently, the coated medias dried using the freeze-drying method at temperatures as low as minus 50 degrees Celsius and under 0.04 millibar pressure. These modifications aim to fortify the absorbent layer of the respiratory filter, addressing the limitations posed by normal respiratory filters and offering an innovative approach to mitigating the health risks associated with fine dust inhalation.
Materials and Methods: The materials utilized in this study encompass Wood Cellulose Nanofibers gel (WCNFs) sourced from Nano Novin Polymer Co., Iran. Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) and Citric Acid (CA) were procured from Dr. Mojallali Co., Iran, while the cotton fabric, serving as the substrate, was acquired from Live Co., Iran. The analytical methods employed to evaluate the samples generated in this investigation include Fourier Infrared Spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), X-ray Diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), Filter Pressure Drop, Microscope Test utilizing Field Emission Electron (FESEM), and Fine Particle Adsorption Test.
Results: Utilizing the FTIR test, we substantiated the purity of the cellulose substrate employed for coating WCNFs. Additionally, XRD analysis revealed that the cellulose within the substrate exhibited characteristics of beta 1 (ß1) cellulose, as evidenced by distinct peaks at dihedral angles (2θ) of 15.5, 16.5, 22.5, and 34.5. This structural conformation facilitated a robust bonding between cellulose nanofibers and the substrate. Examination through scanning electron microscopy showcased the nanofibers at a nanometer scale (below 100 nm), allowing for the formation of nanometer and submicron pores. In general, an escalation in cellulose nanofiber concentration corresponded to an increase in pressure drop. Notably, the optimal treatment identified in this study involved a 5-layer sample, with 2 layers incorporating 0.5% cellulose nanofibers. This configuration exhibited an absorption efficiency of 96.18% for particles averaging below 2 microns. Remarkably, the adsorption efficiency of fine dust in this adsorbent media aligned with the N95 standard, as per the guidelines of the Food and Drug Administration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Respiratory mask
  • Cellulose nanofiber
  • Particles Efficiency
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