تأثیر عوامل فیزیوگرافیکی بر میزان شاخص سطح برگ در جنگل‌های پهن‌برگ استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه جنگلداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 استاد، گروه علوم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و رصد زمین (ITC)، دانشگاه توئنته، هلند.

4 استاد، گروه جنگلداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

5 عضو هیات علمی ، گروه جنگلشناسی و اکولوژی جنگل دانشکده علوم جنگل دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

6 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان،

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: شاخص سطح برگ (LAI) یکی از مهم‌ترین مشخصه‌های ساختاری بوم‌سازگان‌های جنگلی است که تأثیر زیادی را در تغییرات انرژی، آب‌وهوا، مدل‌های عملکردی جوی و گاز دارد. این شاخص اطلاعات زیادی در ارتباط با میزان فتوسنتز، تبخیر و تعرق و حاصلخیزی رویشگاه‌های مختلف در اختیار مدیران و برنامه ریزان قرار می‌دهد. عوامل فیزیوگرافیکی نیز (ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهات جغرافیایی و شیب) نقش مهمی در میزان تغییرات شاخص سطح برگ درختان ایفا می‌کنند. در این پژوهش تغییرات شاخص سطح برگ درختان و درختچه‌های جنگلی در طبقات مختلف ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهات جغرافیایی و شیب در جنگل‌های پهن‌برگ استان گلستان مورد مقایسه و ارزیابی می‌گردد.
مواد و روش: در این مطالعه جهت برداشت اطلاعات زمینی شاخص سطح برگ 230 قطعه‌نمونه دایره‌ای شکل به مساحت 1000 مترمربع با روش نمونه‌برداری سیستماتیک و شبکه 100×100 متر در پنج رویشگاه از غرب به شرق (کردکوی، شصت کلاته، زرین گل، سرخداری و لوه) پیاده شد. در مرکز هر قطعه‌نمونه تله برداشت برگ با ابعاد 60×60 سانتی‌متر برای اندازه‌گیری شاخص سطح برگ استفاده شد. ابتدا نقشه‌های ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهت جغرافیایی و شیب نیز تهیه و مقادیر آن‌ها استخراج شد. سپس شاخص سطح برگ در طبقات مختلف ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهت جغرافیایی و شیب با استفاده از آزمون‌های دانکن و تی مستقل مورد مقایسه و تجزیه‌وتحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان شاخص سطح برگ در رویشگاه کردکوی با 91/8 و کمترین میزان شاخص سطح برگ در رویشگاه زرین گل با 10/5 اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین شاخص سطح برگ در طبقات مختلف ارتفاع از سطح دریا در کل منطقه مورد مطالعه وجود دارد و با افزایش ارتفاع از سطح دریا تا حدود 1300 متر شاخص سطح برگ افزایش می‌یابد و بعد از آن شاخص سطح برگ تغییرات کمی دارد. نتایج آزمون دانکن و تی مستقل نشان داد تفاوت معنی‌داری بین شاخص سطح برگ رویشگاه‌ها در طبقات مختلف ارتفاع از سطح دریا، جهت جغرافیایی و شیب به جز رویشگاه کردکوی وجود ندارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طورکلی در این مطالعه ارتفاع از سطح دریا در مقایسه با شیب و جهت جغرافیایی به‌عنوان عامل بسیار مهم برای بررسی شاخص سطح برگ مطرح شد. بررسی تأثیر عوامل فیزیوگرافیکی مانند ارتفاع از سطح دریا، شیب و جهات جغرافیایی بر شاخص سطح برگ و پایش تغییرات آن جهت شناخت تدوین سیاست‌های مناسب برای کاهش اثرات تغییرات اقلیم و گرمایش جهانی و در مدیریت پایدار از اهمیت بسیار بالایی می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of physiographic factors on the leaf area index in broadleaf forests of Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyedeh zahra Seyed mousavi 1
  • Jahangir Mohammadi 2
  • Roshanak Darvishzadeh 3
  • Shaban Shataee 4
  • Ramin Rahmani 5
  • Khalil Gorbani 6
1 Doctoral student of Department of Forestry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Professor at the Department of Geographical Information Sciences and Earth Observation (ITC), University of Twente, The Netherlands.
4 Professor of Forestry Department, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
5 Associate Professor Department of Silviculture and Forest Ecology Faculty of Forest Sciences Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources (GUASNR)
6 Department of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Background and objective: Leaf area index (LAI) is one of the most important structural characteristics of forest ecosystems, which has a great impact on changes in energy, weather, atmospheric and gas functional models. This index provides managers and planners with a lot of information related to the amount of photosynthesis, evaporation and transpiration and fertility of different habitats. Physiographic factors also (elevation above sea level, aspect and slope) play an important role in the global LAI. In this research, the changes of the LAI in different classes of elevation, aspect and slope are compared and evaluated.
Materials and methods: n this study, 230 square-shaped sample plots with an area of 1000 square meters were used to collect the ground information of the leaf surface index using a systematic sampling method with a sampling grid of 100 x 100 meters in five sites (Kordkoy, Shast Kalateh, Zarrin Gol, Sokhdari and Loveh). In the center of each plot, a leaf harvesting trap with dimensions of 60 x 60 cm was used to measure the LAI. First, height maps from elevation, aspect and slope were also prepared and their values were extracted. Then the LAI was compared and analyzed in different classes of elevation, aspect and slope using Duncan's and independent t tests.
Results: The results of LAI showed that the elevation of LAI in Kordkoy vegetation was measured with 8.91 and the lowest level of LAI was measured with 5.10 in Zarrin Gol vegetation. The results of analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the LAI in different classes of elevation above sea level in the entire study area. And with the increase in elevation above sea level to about 1300 meters, the LAI increases and after that, the LAI has little changes. The significant results of Duncan's test and independent t-test showed that there is no significant difference between the LAI of each site in different classes of elevation above sea level, aspect and slope, except for Kurdkoy site.
Conclusion: In general, in this study, the elevation compared to the slope and aspect was raised as a very important factor for investigating LAI. Investigating the effect of physiographic factors such as elevation above sea level, slope and aspect on the LAI and monitoring its changes in order to know the formulation of appropriate policies to reduce the effects of climate change and global warming and in sustainable management is of great importance.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Leaf Area Index
  • Slope؛ Elevation above sea level؛Aspect؛ Slope

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پژوهش‌های علوم و فناوری چوب و جنگل
دوره 31، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 95-120

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