تاثیر استفاده از سامانه سطوح آبگیر و مالچ طبیعی در میزان موفقیت جنگلکاری با نهال‎های گیشدر (Periploca aphylla Decne) در مناطق بیابانی جنوب ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران.

2 مربی پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات منابع طبیعی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان هرمزگان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، بندرعباس، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در جنوب کشور به‎دلیل شرایط سخت رویشگاهی و نبود جنگل‎های طبیعی نسبت به سایر مناطق کشور، مسئله جنگل‎کاری از اهمیت ویژه‎ای برخوردار است. با توجه به کاهش شدید رطوبت خاک به‎علت کاهش باران در سال‎های اخیر، خروج رواناب حاصل از آن در طول فصل رویش و توزیع نامناسب بارندگی در نواحی جنوبی و خشک ایران، استفاده از سامانه‎های آبگیر، می‎تواند عامل مهمی در استقرار و رشد رویشی نهال‎ها در نواحی خشک جنوب ایران باشد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی تاثیر سامانه‌های مختلف آبگیر به همراه مالچ طبیعی بر خصوصیات رویشی نهال‌های کاشته شده ‎گیشدر است.
مواد و روش‎ها: نهال‎های گونه گیشدر (Periploca aphylla Decne) در دو سطح مالچ (با مالچ و بدون مالچ) و سامانه در چهار سطح (هلالی، پیتینگ، لوزی و شاهد) به‎صورت طرح آماری کرت‎های خرد شده در قالب بلوک‎های کامل تصادفی در عرصه پیاده شد (نهال120 =(5 تکرار) تعداد نهال × (2) سطح مالچ × (4) تعداد سامانه × (3) تکرار یا تعداد بلوک). اندازه‎گیری رطوبت 24 ساعت پس از هر بارش طی سه سال اندازه‎گیری شد. خصوصیات رویشی شامل درصد زنده‎مانی، طول تاج، سطح تاج، رشد قطر یقه، رشد ارتفاعی و شادابی کلیه نهال‎ها اندازه‎گیری و با استفاده از آزمون GLM تجزیه و تحلیل شد.
یافته‎ها: نتایج نشان داد درصد زنده‎مانی و سطح تاج گونه گیشدر به ترتیب با 100 درصد و 74/1282 سانتی‌‎متر مربع در سامانه پیتینگ و هلالی بیشترین مقدار را داشت. بیشترین درصد رطوبت خاک با 14/22 درصد در سامانه لوزی به‎دست آمد. بطورکلی، بدون درنظر گرفتن نوع سامانه، درصد رطوبت خاک در تیمار مالچ (66/21 درصد) بیشتر از تیمار بدون مالچ (14/16 درصد) بود. نتایج اثرات متقابل نشان داد سطح تاج و رویش ارتفاعی در سطح مالچ در سامانه پیتینگ با مقادیر 68/1920 سانتی‎متر مربع و 92/48 سانتی‎متر بیشترین مقدار را دارد.
نتیجه‎گیری: نتایج پژوهش حاضر حاکی از عملکرد مطلوب شیوه‎های مختلف ذخیره نزولات آسمانی‎ در جمع‎آوری، ذخیره و حفظ رطوبت در منطقه دهگین است که رطوبت به تدریج در زمان طولانی‎تر در معرض گیاه در اختیار قرار می‎دهد. سه سال پس از رویش نهال‎ها در منطقه مورد مطالعه، نتایج نشان داد که رویش گونه گیشدر در سامانه‎ها به‎ویژه پیتینگ شرایط بهتری دارد. همچنین رویش در تیماری که مالچ آلی استفاده شد نسبت به تیمار بدون مالچ شرایط بهتری داشت. با توجه به نتایج پژوهش توصیه می‎شود در منطقه دهگین و رویشگاه‎هایی با شرایط اقلیمی مشابه جنوب کشور، از سامانه پیتینگ به همراه مالچ طبیعی در برنامه‎های جنگلکاری با گونه‎های بومی استفاده گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of using water harvesting and organic mulch on afforestation success of Periploca aphylla Decne in the desert region of southern Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maryam Moslehi 1
  • Mahmood Abadeh 2
1 Research Assistant Professor, Natural Resources Research Department, Hormozgan Province Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
2 Research Instructor, Natural Resources Research Department, Hormozgan Province Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Bandar Abbas, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: In the south of the country, due to the harsh habitat conditions and the lack of natural forests compared to other regions of the country, the issue of forest plantation is of particular importance. Considering the severe decrease in soil moisture due to the decrease of rain in recent years, the outflow of runoff during the growing season and the inappropriate distribution of rainfall in the southern and dry regions of Iran, the use of catchment systems can be an important factor in the establishment and vegetative growth of seedlings in the dry areas of southern Iran. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of different drainage systems along with natural mulch on the vegetative characteristics of P. aphylla seedlings.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, P. aphylla seedling in two levels of mulch (with organic mulch and no mulch) and water harvesting system in four levels (crescent, pitting, negarim system and control), in block randomized design as split plots were designed in the field (120 seedlings = (5 repetitions) number of seedlings × (2) mulch area × (4) number of systems × (3) repetition or number of blocks). Humidity was measured 24 hours after each rainfall over three years. Vegetative characteristics (viability, canopy length, canopy area, collar diameter growth and height growth) and vigority of all seedlings were also measured and analyzed using GLM test.
Results: The results showed that the percentage of survival and canopy area of P. aphylla species was the highest with 100% and 1282.74 square centimeters respectively in pitting and crescent systems. The highest percentage of soil moisture with 22.14% was obtained in the negarim system. In general, regardless of the type of system, the percentage of soil moisture in the mulch treatment (21.66%) was higher than the no-mulch treatment (16.14%). The results of interaction effects showed that the canopy area and the growth height in the mulching system have the highest values of 1920.68 cm2 and 48.92 cm in the pitting system.
Conclusion: The results of the present research indicate the optimal performance of different methods of storing precipitation in collecting, storing and maintaining moisture in the Dehgin region, which gradually provides moisture to the plant gradually. After 3 years, results showed that the growth of P. aphylla seedling was better in water catchments especially in pitting system. Also seedling growth was better in water catchments that used organic mulch . Organic mulch is an effective factor which protects soil moisture in the root area. According to different performances of investigated factors, suggest that pitting system with organic mulch and native species should be used in Dehgin and habitats like that in the South of Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dehgin watershed
  • Growth characteristics
  • Hormozgan
  • Pitting
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