بررسی رقابت درون گونه‌ای در توده خالص دستکاشت با استفاده از شاخص‌های رقابت

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهشکده محیط زیست، جهاد دانشگاهی، رشت، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی اهر، دانشگاه تبریز، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: به‌منظور تخمین رقابت درختان مدل‌های رقابتی زیادی از ساده تا چندبعدی توسعه یافته‌اند که در همه آنها شاخص رقابت به‌عنوان معیاری برای نمایش تعامل بین درختان است و هدف این شاخص‌ها ارزیابی تنش رقابتی با توجه به تعاملات بین درختان است. این شاخص‌ها عموماً براساس ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک درختان ساخته شده‌اند و یا تابعی از فاصله تا نزدیکترین درختان همسایه هستند. روشن شدن رقابت فردی درختان، با استفاده از شاخص‌های رقابت مبتنی بر تکنیک‌های ریاضی است که نشاندهنده درجه‌ای از رقابت است که درخت از همسایگان تأثیر می‌پذیرد و اغلب این نتیجه متصور است که اثرات همسایگی بر رشد درختان به‌دلیل محدود شدن دسترسی به منابع، در درجه اول منفی است. از این‌رو هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی رقابت درون گونه‌ای در توده خالص دستکاشت با استفاده از برخی از شاخص‌های رقابت است.
مواد و روش‌ها: شاخص‌های رقابت مستقل از فاصله معمولاً به عنوان نسبت اندازه درختان مدنظر است (مانند قطر در ارتفاع برابر سینه، ارتفاع، سطح مقطع یا تاج پوشش) تا رقابت‌پذیری آن گونه را نشان دهند. در شاخص‌های وابسته به فاصله نیز از ابعاد درختان همسایه و فاصله آنها از یکدیگر استفاده می‌شود. به منظور محاسبه شاخص‌های رقابتی شامل شاخص رقابت مستقل از فاصله (IDI)، شاخص رقابت وابسته به فاصله بر حسب قطر (DDIdbh) و شاخص رقابت وابسته به فاصله بر حسب ارتفاع (DDIh) پارامترهای قطر برابر سینه و ارتفاع کل تمام درختان به صورت آماربرداری صد درصد در داخل قطعات نمونه به مساحت یک هکتار در چهار توده از جنگل دستکاشت گونه صنوبر در استان گیلان انجام شد. همچنین فاصله درختان نیز اندازه‌گیری شد. سپس به منظور بررسی چگالی چوب و استفاده از مقدار آن در شاخص رقابت مستقل از فاصله، در هر قطعه نمونه 15 درخت به‌صورت تصادفی و دارای پراکنش مناسب در طبقات قطری مختلف انتخاب و برای انجام آنالیز چگالی چوب قطع شدند و فرآیند محاسبه چگالی انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که توده‌ها از نظر هر دو نوع شاخص دارای شرایط رقابتی معنی‌داری نسبت به یکدیگر بودند. از نظر شاخص رقابتی مستقل از فاصله همه توده‌ها دارای اختلاف معنی‌داری بودند (05/0 ≥ p). اما نتیجه مقایسه شاخص رقابت وابسته به فاصله برای قطر درختان نشان داد که توده 3 دارای اختلاف معنی‌داری با سایر توده‌ها است و توده‌های 1 و 3 و 4 نیز اختلاف معنی‌داری با یکدیگر داشتند (05/0 ≥ p). مقایسه شاخص رقابت فاصله‌ای برای ارتفاع درختان نیز نشان داد که توده‌های 1 و 2 بدون اختلاف بوده اما با توده-های 3و 4 اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان دادند (05/0 ≥ p).
نتیجه‌گیری: محاسبه انواع شاخص‌های رقابت می‌تواند در برنامه‌های پرورشی مانند تنک کردن توده‌های دستکاشت بسیار کاربردی باشد. نتایج چنین مطالعاتی می‌تواند درک روشن‌تری از ساختار مکانی و فضایی درختان در اختیار قرار دهد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of the inter-species competition in the pure stands plantation using the competition index

نویسندگان [English]

  • Tooba Abedi 1
  • Roya Abedi 2
1 1- Assistant Professor, Environmental Research Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research, Rasht, Iran.
2 Associate Professor/Department of Forestry/Ahar faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Many competitive models have been developed from simple to multidimensional in order to estimate the competition of trees in forest stands. All of them are measured to show the interaction between trees, and the purpose of these indices is to evaluate the competitive tension according to the interactions between trees. These indices are generally based on the morphological characteristics of trees or a function of the distance of the neighborhood of trees. The individual competition of trees evaluate using competition indices is based on mathematical techniques, which indicate the degree of competition that the tree is affected by its neighbors. This result is often assumed to be the negative effects of the neighborhood on the growth of trees to absorb limiting resources.
Materials and Methods: Distance-independent competition indices are usually considered as tree size ratios (such as dbh, height, basal area, or canopy cover) to show the competitiveness of that species. In distance-dependent indices, the dimensions of neighboring trees and their distance from each other are used. In order to calculate the competitive indices including distance-independent competition index (IDI), distance-dependent competition index by diameter (DDIdbh), and distance-dependent competition index by height (DDIh), the parameters of diameter and the total height of all trees were measured in sample plots (one-hectare area) in four stands of poplar plantation in Gilan province. The distance of the trees was also measured. Then, in order to calculate the wood density and use its value in the distance-independent competition index, 15 trees were randomly selected in different diameter classes in each plot and were cut to perform the wood density analysis, and the process of calculating the density was carried out.
Results: The results showed that the stands had significant competitive conditions in terms of both types of indices. All stands had a significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) in terms of the independent distance index. However, the comparison of the distance-dependent index for tree diameter showed that stand 3 has a significant difference from other stands, and 1, 3, and 4 stands also had significant differences (p ≥ 0.05). The comparison of the distance competition index for tree height also showed that stands 1 and 2 had no difference but showed a significant difference with stands 3 and 4 (p ≥ 0.05).
Conclusion: Calculating all types of competition indices can be useful in silvicultural programs such as thinning. The results of such studies can provide a clear understanding of the spatial structure of trees.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Distance competition index
  • Distance-independent competition index
  • Poplar
  • Plantation

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پژوهش‌های علوم و فناوری چوب و جنگل
دوره 30، شماره 3
مهر 1402
صفحه 27-44

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