مقایسه عناصر غذایی برگ و خاک بلوط ایرانی در رویشگاه طبیعی و جنگل‌کاری شده

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

2 دانشیار، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

3 دانشیار ، گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.

4 دانشیار ، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، مازندران، ایران.

5 دانشیار، گروه گیاه پزشکی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: به منظور احیاء بخش‌های تخریب یافته جنگل‌های زاگرس، جنگلکاری با گونه بلوط ایرانی (Quercus brantii Lindl) انجام شده است، با این وجود مطالعات کمی در زمینه پویایی عناصر غذایی برگ و خاک در مقایسه با درختان طبیعی (دانه زاد و شاخه زاد) صورت گرفته است. هدف این پژوهش مقایسه عناصر غذایی برگ در فرم‌های طبیعی (دانه‌زاد و شاخه‌زاد) و جنگل‌کاری شده بلوط ایرانی (با میانگین سنی حدود 30 سال) است.
مواد و روش‌ها: با توجه به اهداف پژوهش، در شهرستان ایلام که جنگلکاری با گونه بلوط ایرانی در مجاورت پایه‌های طبیعی آن انجام شده بود، نمونه‌برداری از برگ‌ و خاک (در عمق 20-0 سانتی‌متری) در دو فصل بهار (فروردین ماه) و تابستان (شهریور ماه) جهت مقایسه تغییرات عناصر کربن، نیتروژن، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم و منیزیم و برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک انجام گرفت. از آنالیز واریانس دو طرفه (GLM) جهت مقایسه میانگین‌های خصوصیات خاک و برگ در بین مناطق مختلف و از آنالیز مؤلفه‌های اصلی (PCA) و آزمون همبستگی پیرسون به منظور بررسی روابط عناصر غذایی برگ و خاک و نیز تغییرات آنها در رابطه با فرم رویشی مختلف استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج آنالیز واریانس دو طرفه (GLM) نشان داد که عناصر نیتروژن و فسفر برگ تحت تأثیر فرم‌های مختلف گونه بلوط و فصل قرار گرفت و مقدار آنها در فصل بهار بیشتر از تابستان است. به‌طوری‌که میزان نیتروژن برگ‌ها در درختان دانه‌زاد (20/2 درصد به 68/1 درصد) و در فرم جنگل‌کاری (78/1درصد به 25/1درصد) در فصل بهار نسبت به تابستان بیشتر بود. میزان کلسیم برگ در فصل تابستان نسبت به بهار بین 5/1 تا 2 برابر بود (در بلوط جنگل‌کاری شده 66/303 به 33/170، در بلوط شاخه‌زاد 33/282 به 33/149 و بلوط دانه‌زاد 66/285 به 233 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم). پتاسیم برگ تحت تأثیر فرم‌های مختلف بلوط و فصل قرار گرفت. بطوریکه در فصل بهار بیشتر از تابستان و در بلوط دانه‌زاد (16/201 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و جنگل‌کاری شده (47/161 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) 1 تا 5/1 برابر بلوط شاخه‌زاد (30/128 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) بود. تجزیه مؤلفه‌های اصلی و همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که در دو فصل، فرم‌های مختلف بلوط از یکدیگر قابل تفکیک هستند.
نتیجه‌گیری: براساس نتایج می‌توان گفت که درختان جنگل‌کاری شده بلوط ایرانی از نظر عناصر نیتروژن کل، پتاسیم و فسفر برگ مشابه فرم جنگلی دانه‌زاد بوده و نسبت به درختان شاخه‌زاد از میزان عناصر بیشتری برخوردار هستند. علاوه بر این، در فرم‌های جنگلکاری بر خلاف فرم‌های طبیعی میزان عناصر برگ در فصل تابستان بیشتر از فصل بهار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Comparison of Leaf and Soil Nutrients in Natural and Afforested Persian oak

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Karamian 1
  • JAVAD MIRZAEI 2
  • Mehdi Heydari 3
  • Yahya Kooch 4
  • Majid Mirab-balou 5
1 PhD student in Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Forest Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ilam University, Ilam, Iran.
3 دانشیار گروه علوم جنگل، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه ایلام، ایلام، ایران.
4 Associate Professor, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran.
5 Associate Professor, Department of Plant Medicine, Faculty of Agriculture, Ilam University, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and Objectives: Afforestation with oak (Quercus brantii Lindl) trees has been done for restoration of degraded areas in Zagros forests, however, few studies have been done on the dynamics of leaf and soil nutrients compared to natural trees (standard and coppice). The aim of this research is to compare the nutritional elements of leaves in natural trees (standard and coppice) and planted forms of persian oak (with an average age of about 30 years).

Materials and Methods: According to the objectives of the research, in the city of Ilam, where afforestation with persian oak species was carried out in the vicinity of its natural form, sampling were done from leaves and the soil (at a depth of 0-20 cm) in the two seasons of spring (April) and summer (September) to compare the changes in carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium and some physical and chemical characteristics of the soil. Two-way analysis of variance (GLM) used to compare the soil and leaf properties among different regions. Principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson's correlation test were used in order to investigate the relationships between leaf and soil nutrients and their changes in different forms.
Results: results of GLM showed that nitrogen and phosphorus of leaves were affected by different forms of oak species and season, and their amount is higher in spring than in summer. So that the amount of nitrogen in the leaves of standard (20.2% to 1.68%) and planted trees (1.78% to 1.25%) was higher in spring compared to summer. The amount of calcium in the leaves in summer was between 1.5 and 2 times higher than in spring (planted oak; 303.66 ppm to 170.33 ppm, coppice; 282.33 ppm to 149.33 ppm, standard tress, 285.66 to 233 mg/kg. Leaf potassium was influenced by different oak forms and seasons. So that it was more in spring than in summer and in standard (201.16 mg/kg) and planted trees (161.47 mg/kg) it was 1 to 1.5 times than that of coppice trees (128.30 mg/kg). Principal component analysis and Pearson correlation showed that in two seasons, different forms of oak can be separated from each other.
Conclusion: Therefore, it can be said that the planted Persian oak trees are similar to the standard form in terms of nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus elements and were more than coppice trees. In addition, in planted, unlike natural forms, the amount of leaf elements were higher in summer than in spring.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Nutrient elements
  • Afforestation
  • Iranian oak
  • Zagros forest
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