بررسی مقاومت چوب گونه‌های درختی جنگل‌های زاگرس در برابر آتش‌سوزی (مطالعه موردی شهرستان رومشکان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه آمار، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه گلستان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

بررسی مقاومت چوب گونه‌های درختی جنگل‌های زاگرس در برابر آتش‌سوزی (مطالعه موردی شهرستان رومشکان)
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: امروزه پدیده آتش‌سوزی به عنوان یکی از بلایای طبیعی بخش وسیعی از جنگل‌های جهان را تهدید می‌کند. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی مقاومت چوب گونه‌های مختلف درختی جنگل‌های زاگرس در برابر آتش‌سوزی می‌باشد.
مواد و روش: برای انجام این تحقیق چوب گونه‌های بلوط، بنه، ارژن، زالزالک، کیکم و انجیر به دو صورت چوب خشک و تر (با رطوبت طبیعی) با طول و ابعاد مشابه (طول 60 سانتی متر قطر 15 سانتی‌متر) تهیه شد. به منظور بررسی تأثیر پوست ساقه بر سرعت سوختن گونه‌های چوبی، برای هر گونه درختی چوب با پوست و بدون پوست انتخاب گردید و اختلاف در مدت زمان سوختن چوب‌ها با استفاده از کرنومتر اندازه‌گیری گردید. به منظور ایجاد دمای مناسب جهت سوختن کامل چوب‌ها از کپسول LPG استفاده شد. برای هر چوب 4 تیمار (تر و خشک، باپوست و بدون پوست) و همچنین برای هر تیمار 10 تکرار در نظر گرفته شد. تجزیه و تحلیل آماری با استفاده از طرح کامل تصادفی، آزمون GLM و آزمون تی مستقل انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: مقایسه زمان سوختن کامل چوب‌تر گونه‌های مورد بررسی نشان می‌دهد که چوب بلوط با زمان 50 دقیقه تا سوختن کامل دارای بیشترین مقاومت در برابر آتش می‌باشد و پس از آن بنه با 42 دقیقه زمان تا سوختن کامل دارای بیشترین مقاومت بوده است. گونه‌های کیکم و انجیر به ترتیب با زمان 35 و 30 دقیقه تا سوختن کامل دارای کمترین مقاومت در برابر آتش بوده‌اند. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که مقاومت در برابر آتش‌سوزی در بین گونه‌های ارژن و زالزالک در سطح احتمال 95 درصد معنی‌دار نبوده است. مقایسه زمان سوختن کامل چوب‌های خشک گونه‌ها نشان می‌دهد که بیشترین مقاومت در برابر آتش‌سوزی در گونه بلوط با 40 دقیقه زمان تا سوختن کامل بوده است. پس از آن بنه، ارژن، کیکم، زالزالک و انجیر به ترتیب دارای 34، 31، 26، 21 و 20 دقیقه زمان تا سوختن کامل در آتش بوده‌اند. نتایج حاصل از مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان داد که در چوب‌های تر بیشترین اختلاف در زمان سوختن کامل چوب‌های با پوست و بدون پوست در گونه بنه با 13 دقیقه و پس از آن ارژن و زالزالک با 12 دقیقه و سپس بلوط، کیکم و انجیر به ترتیب با 11، 9 و 6 دقیقه بوده است. در چوب‌های خشک نیز بیشترین اختلاف در زمان سوختن کامل چوب‌های با پوست و بدون پوست در گونه بلوط و بنه با 15 دقیقه و پس از آن به ترتیب ارژن، کیکم، زالزالک و انجیر با 13، 8، 4 و 3 دقیقه بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که ضخامت پوست و رطوبت چوب باعث افزایش معنی‌دار مقاومت چوب در برابر آتش می‌شود.
کلمات کلیدی: آتش‌سوزی، رطوبت چوب، ضخامت پوست، مقاومت در برابر آتش‌سوزی، جنگل‌های زاگرس

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of wood resistance of tree species in Zagros forests against fire (Case study of Romeshkan city)

نویسندگان [English]

  • kianosh Rostami 1
  • Mohammadreza Kavosi 2
  • Manoochehr Babanezhad 3
1 PhD student, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Associate Prof., Faculty of Forest Science, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Associate Prof, Department of Statistics, Faculty of Science, Golestan University
چکیده [English]

Investigation of wood resistance of tree species in Zagros forests against fire (Case study of Romeshkan city)

Abstract
Background and objectives: Today, the phenomenon of fires as one of the natural disasters threatens a large part of the world's forests. The purpose of this study is to investigation of wood resistance of different tree species of Zagros forests against fire.
Materials and methods: To conduct this research, wood species Quercus persica, Pistacia atlantica, Amygdalus scoparia, Crataegus azarolus, Acer monspessulanum and Ficus carica were prepared in two forms: dry and wet wood (with natural moisture) with similar length and dimensions (length 60 cm, diameter 15 cm). For each tree, wood with skin and without skin was selected in order to investigate the effect of stem skin on the burning rate of wood species and the difference in wood burning time was measured using a stopwatch. LPG capsule was used to create a suitable temperature for complete burning of wood. For each wood 4 treatments (wet with skin, wet without skin, dry with skin and dry without skin) and also for each treatment 10 replications were considered. Statistical analysis was performed using GLM and Independent Samels T test.

Results: Comparison of the complete burning time of wet wood of the studied species shows that Quercus Persica wood with a time of 50 minutes until complete burning has the highest fire resistance and after that, the Pistachia had the highest resistance with 42 minutes until it burned completel. Acer and ficus varieties had the lowest fire resistance with 35 and 30 minutes to complete burning, respectively. The results also showed that fire resistance between species Crataegus and Amygdalus was not significant at 5% probability level. Comparison of the complete burning time of dry wood of the species shows that the highest fire resistance was in Quercus species with 40 minutes until complete burning. After that, Pistacia, Amygdalus, Acer, Crataegus and Ficus had 34, 30, 26, 21 and 20 minutes to burn completely in the fire, respectively. The results of comparing the means showed that in wet woods, the biggest difference in the time of complete burning of wood with and without skin in Pictacia species with 13 minutes, followed by Amygdalus and Crataegus with 12 minutes, then Quercus, Acer and ficus with 11, 9 and 6 minutes, respectively. In dry wood, the biggest difference in the time of complete burning of wood with skin and without skin in Quercus species and Pistacia with 15 minutes and then Amygdalus, Acer, Crataegus and ficus with 13, 8, 4 and 3 minutes, respectively.

Conclusion: The results show that the thickness of the skin and moisture of the wood cause significantly increases the resistance of the wood against fire.

Keywords: Fire, Wood moisture, Skin thickness, Resistance against fire, Zagros forests

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: "Fire"
  • "Wood moisture"
  • "Skin thickness"
  • "Resistance against fire"
  • " Zagros forests"
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