تغییرات تنوع اکوتیپی جمعیت های گونه بلندمازو در طول گرادیان خشکی (غربی-شرقی) استان گلستان

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد ، جنگل‌شناسی، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 دانشیار، بیوتکنولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 دانش‌آموخته دکتری ، علوم جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: استان گلستان واقع در بخش شرقی جنگل‌های شمال ایران دارای پراکنش وسیع جغرافیایی گونه بلندمازو از نظر میزان بارندگی، درجه حرارت و نوع خاک است. وجود گرادیان‌های اقلیمی از غرب به شرق استان گلستان اثرات متفاوتی بر تنوع ژنتیکی و اکوتیپی جمعیت‌های درختی در گذر زمان می‌گذارد که اطلاع از میزان این تنوع ما را در مدیریت حفاظت از ساختار ژنتیکی این گونه‌ها یاری می-رساند. تنوع ژنتیکی درختان برای سازگاری جنگل‌ها با تغییرات اقلیمی و حفظ و بقای سایر گونه‌ها و کل اکوسیستم جنگل بسیار حائز اهمیت است. هدف این پژوهش بررسی تغییرات تنوع اکوتیپی جمعیت‌های بلندمازو در طول گرادیان خشکی (غربی-شرقی) استان گلستان می‌باشد.
مواد و روش‌ها: برای انجام این پژوهش چهار جمعیت مختلف بلندمازو از غرب به شرق استان گلستان واقع در مناطق رویشگاهی توسکستان، علی‌آباد کتول، لوه و گلیداغ انتخاب گردید. ابتدا در هر جمعیت حدود 100 پایه بلندمازو با قطر مشابه و سالم و با فاصله تقریبی 50 تا 100 متر از همدیگر برای اجتناب از قرابت‌های احتمالی شناسایی و از میان آن‌ها 20 پایه بلندمازو به‌طور تصادفی انتخاب شدند. پس از انجام نمونه‌برداری، مطالعه کیفی نشانگر پراکسیداز شاخه دوساله با استفاده از الکتروفورز عمودی و به‌روش پلی‌اکریل آمید ژل الکتروفورز (PAGE) انجام شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، امتیازدهی باندها به‌صورت صفر و یک به‌ترتیب برای عدم حضور و حضور باندها از روی ژل‌های تهیه شده انجام گرفت. سپس جهت تجزیه خوشه‌ای، تجزیه به مختصات اصلی و همچنین تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها در خصوص ویژگی‌های آللی نشانگر مورد مطالعه شامل تعداد آلل مشاهده شده، تعداد آلل مؤثر، شاخص اطلاعات شانون، هتروزیگوتی و درصد چندشکلی و تعیین تنوع اکوتیپی درون و بین جمعیتی از نرم‌افزارهای GenAlex و NTSYS استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این تحقیق بر اساس آلل کل، مشاهده شده، موثر و هتروزیگوتی نشانگر پراکسیداز نشان داد که تنوع اکوتیپی و پارامترهای تنوع ژنتیکی مورد بررسی در گرادیان غربی-شرقی رویشگاه‌های مختلف استان گلستان متفاوت بوده و در گذشته‌های دور جریان ژنی از طریق جمعیت‌های همجوار برقرار بوده است به‌طوری که اکوتیپ‌ها کاملاً قابل تفکیک از یکدیگر نیستند. شاخص اطلاعات شانون نیز در جمعیت‌ها از 179/0 تا 334/0 و هتروزیگوتی از 120/0 الی 218/0 متغیر بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: برای مدیریت حفظ و توسعه‌ی تنوع ژنتیکی این توده‌ها باید در درجه اول نسبت به تثبیت شرایط حاضر به لحاظ تنوع از طریق اهمیت دادن و حفظ پایه‌های شاخص درون جمعیت‌ها و کمک به تجدید حیات آن‌ها و در درجه بعدی نسبت به توسعه تنوع موجود برای مقابله با تهدیدات تغییرات اقلیمی از طریق جریان ژنی به‌کمک انتقال بذر و نهال از جمعیت‌های همجوار موجود در صورت امکان بهره برد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Ecotypic diversity changes of Quercus castaneifolia populations in drought gradient length (western-eastern) of Golestan province

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azam Ahmadi mazracheh 1
  • Davoud Azadfar 2
  • Zohre Saeedi 3
1
2 , Associate prof. in Forest Biotechnology, Forest Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
3 PhD Graduate Student at Forest, Forest Science Faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Golestan province located in the eastern part of northern forests of Iran has a wide geographical distribution of Quercus castaneifolia in terms of rainfall, temperature and soil type. Climatic gradients from the west to the east of Golestan province have different impacts on the genetic and the ecotype diversity of tree populations in time that knowing the amount of this diversity helps us to manage/maintain the genetic structure of these species. The genetic diversity of trees is so important for adaptation of forests to climate change and for sustaining other species and entire forest ecosystems. The aim of this research is exploring the ecotypic diversity changes of Quercus castaneifolia populations in drought gradient (western-eastern) of Golestan province.
Materials and methods: To do the study, four different populations of Quercus castaneifolia from West to East of Golestan province in habitat areas of Tuskestan, Aliabadekatul, Loveh and Golidagh were selected. First, about 100 bases of Quercus castaneifolia with similar diameter and healthy and with approximately 50 to 100 meters distance from each other to avoid the possible affinity in each population were considered and then 20 bases of Quercus castaneifolia among them were randomly selected. After sampling qualitative study of marker peroxidase of the organ of biennial branch in four different populations was done by the use of vertical electrophoresis and by the method of Poly Acrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). To analyze the data, scoring of bands into zero and one respectively for the absence and presence of bands was done based on the prepared gels. Then respective software packages were used to cluster analysis, Principle Coordinate Analysis as well as data analysis regarding the allelic characteristics of studied marker including the number of observed alleles, effective alleles, Shanon,s information index, hetrozygosity and polymorphic percentage and ecotype diversity within and among populations.
Results: The results of this research based on total, observed, effective alleles and hetrozygosity of the peroxidase marker showed that ecotype diversity and genetic diversity parameters examined in the western-eastern gradient of the different habitats of Golestan province is different and in the distant past, the genetic flow has been established through adjacent populations so that ecotypes are not separable.
Conclusion: To manage the maintenance and development of the genetic diversity of these stands, at first it is necessary to stabilize the present condition with respect to the diversity through emphasizing and maintaining the index bases inside the populations and helping their regeneration and secondly, developing the present diversity to combat the climate change threats through gene flow with the help of seed and seedling transition from the adjacent populations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ecotype
  • Golestan province
  • Quercus castaneifolia
  • Drought gradient
  • Peroxidase marker

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پژوهش‌های علوم و فناوری چوب و جنگل
دوره 28، شماره 4
دی 1400
صفحه 65-81

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