تاثیر محلول‌پاشی برگی تنظیم‌کننده‌های رشد بر زنده‌مانی و رشد نهال‌های Paulownia fortunei تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران،

2 استادیار ، گروه جنگل‌شناسی و اکولوژی جنگل، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران،

3 دانشیار پژوهشی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان مازندران، ساری، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: پالونیا فورتونی یکی از تندرشدترین گونه‌های درختی جنس پالونیا است که گزینه‌ای مناسب برای زراعت چوب و درختکاری تلفیقی (اگروفارستری) در شمال ایران محسوب می‌گردد. خشکی یکی از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدودکننده رشد و زنده‌مانی این گونه است که می‌تواند خسارت‌های شدیدی بر عملکرد آن در نهالستان و عرصه کاشت وارد نماید. تحقیق حاضر در نظر دارد ضمن بررسی واکنش رشد و زنده‌مانی نهال‌های این گونه در برابر تغییرات رطوبت خاک، امکان استفاده از تیمارهای محلول-پاشی برگی اسید سالیسیلیک و اسید آسکوربیک را جهت افزایش مقاومت به خشکی این گونه در مرحله نهالی مورد بررسی قرار دهد.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش 225 اصله از نونهال انتخاب و در گلدان‌های سه لیتری با خاک مناسب بازکاشت شدند و پس از استقرار با استفاده از آزمایش فاکتوریل دو عاملی با سه تکرار به‌مدت چهارماه تحت سه سطح رطوبت خاک (90، 60 و 30 درصد ظرفیت زراعی) و پنج سطح محلول‌پاشی (شاهد، اسید‌آسکوربیک یک و 10 میلی‌مولار، اسید‌سالیسیلیک 100 و 150 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر) قرار گرفتند. در انتهای آزمایش مشخصه‌های زندمانی، ارتفاع ساقه، قطر یقه، کلروفیل و سطح ویژه برگ و همچنین طول ریشه‌های اصلی و فرعی، تعداد ریشه‌های فرعی و سطح کل ریشه برای هر نهال اندازه‌گیری شد. جهت پردازش اطلاعات حاصل، روش آنالیز واریانس دوعاملی، آزمون مقایسه میانگین‌ها به روش دانکن و رگرسیون خطی ساده در سطح اعتماد 95 درصد استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد در تمامی تیمارهای محلول‌پاشی، رابطه خطی کاهنده و معنی‌داری بین رطوبت خاک و زنده‌مانی نهال‌ها مشاهده شد. به‌طوری‌که در سطح رطوبتی 30 درصد (خشکی شدید) تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک باعث افزایش هفت برابری زنده‌مانی نهال‌ها شد. همچنین کاهش رطوبت خاک از سطح 90 به 60 درصد کاهش معنی‌داری در صفات رویشی ساقه و برگ نهال-ها ایجاد کرد. نتایج نشان داد اثرات محلول‌پاشی بر ویژگی‌های ریشه نهال به‌شدت تحت تاثیر رطوبت خاک قرار دارد، به‌طوری‌که در سطح رطوبتی 90 درصد محلول‌پاشی باعث کاهش سطح ریشه و تعداد ریشه‌های فرعی نهال شد، اما در سطح رطوبتی 30 درصد نهال‌هایی که همزمان با تیمار رطوبتی تحت تیمار محلول‌پاشی اسید سالیسیلیک با غلظت 150 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر و اسید آسکوربیک با غلظت 10 میلی‌مولار قرار گرفتند، بیشترین میانگین تعداد ریشه‌های فرعی، سطح و طول کل ریشه را نشان دادند.
نتیجه‌گیری: نهال‌های پالونیا فورتونی نسبت به تغییرات رطوبت خاک بسیار حساس می‌باشند. همچنین استفاده از محلول‌پاشی برگی، به‌ویژه در تیمار اسید سالیسیلیک با غلظت 150 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر باعث بهبود زنده‌مانی و رشد نهال‌های این گونه در شرایط کمبود آب می‌گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of foliar spray of growth regulators on survival and growth of Paulownia fortunei seedlings under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Maria Nodeh 1
  • Alireza Aliarab 2
  • Seyed ehsan Sadati 3
1 Faculty of forest sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Assist. professor, Faculty of forest sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Center of Agricultural and Natural Resources Research of Mazandaran, Sari, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl is one of the fastest growing tree species of Paulownia genus, which is a suitable option for wood farming and agroforestry in north of Iran. Drought is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and survival of this species, which can cause severe damage to its performance in the nursery and planting area. This study intends while to investigate the growth and survival response of this species seedling to changes in soil moisture, to consider the possibility of using foliar spray of salicylic acid and ascorbic acid to increase drought resistance of P. fortunei in seedling stage.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 225 seedlings were selected, and were transplanted in 3 liter pots filled with suitable soil, and were examined after establishment under 3 levels of soil moisture (90%, 60% and 30% of field capacity) and 5 levels of foliar spray (control, 1 and 10 mM ascorbic acid, 100 and 150 mg.l-1 salicylic acid), using two-factor factorial experiment with 3 replications for 4 month. Survival of seedlings and growth characteristics, including stem height, collar root diameter, chlorophyll, and specific area of leaves, and also length and number of main and lateral roots for each seedling were measured at the end of the study. Collected data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance, Duncan multiple comparison of means, and simple linear regression method at 95% confidence level.
Results: The results showed that in all foliar spraying treatments, a decreasing and significant linear relationship was observed between soil moisture and seedling survival. So that at 30% moisture level (severe drought) salicylic acid foliar spray treatment increased the survival of seedlings by 7 times. Also, lessening of soil moisture from 90% to 60% caused a significant reduction in growth traits of stems and leaves of seedlings, The results showed that the effects of foliar spray on seedling root properties are strongly affected by soil moisture, so that at 90% moisture level, foliar spray reduces root area and number of first order lateral roots, nevertheless, at 30% moisture level, seedlings were treated with foliar spray of salicylic acid at a concentration of 150 mg.l-1 and ascorbic acid at a concentration of 10 mM, showed the highest mean values of root area, total root length and number of first order lateral roots.
Conclusion: P. fortunei seedlings are very sensitive to changes in soil moisture. Also, the use of foliar spray, especially in the treatment of salicylic acid with a concentration of 150 mg.l-1 improves the survival and growth characteristics of this species seedling under water scarcity conditions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Ascorbic acid
  • Drought stress
  • Fast growing trees
  • Salicylic acid
  • Seedling quality
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