بررسی شاخصهای پایش ساختار برای گونه‌های چوبی جنگل‌های شمال ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 هیات علمی

3 دانشگاه تهران- دانشکده منابع طبیعی- استاد گروه

4 دانشجوی دکتری محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: ساختار جنگل به مطالعه توزیع ویژگی‌ های درختان در اکوسیستم‌ های جنگلی می‌پردازد. به طور کلی، واژه ساختار به ترکیب جوامع درختی از نظر ویژگی‌های خاص تأکید می‌کند. پایش ساختار جنگل در درک بسیاری از مسائل در اکولوژی و مدیریت جنگل ضروری است. امروزه به منظور ارزیابی موقعیت و تنوع زیستی درختان شاخص‌ های بسیاری توسعه یافته‌اند که باعث ساده تر شدن تحلیل ساختاری جنگل شده است.بکارگیری این شاخص‌ها در قطعات نمونه‌ی ثابت باعث تسهیل در مطالعات دینامیک جمعیت در طی زمان می‌شود و امکان پایش تنوع موقعیت مکانی، ابعاد، تنوع اندازقطر و ارتفاع درختان را ممکن می‌سازد. هم چنین به علت کمی بودن این شاخص‌ها و امکان مقایسه یک توده در دو زمان مختلف، این شاخص‌ ها به عنوان ابزار مفیدی در نیل رسیدن به مدیریت پایدار جنگل می‌باشد. مواد و روش ها: شاخص‌ های آمیختگی، زاویه‌ای یکنواخت، تمایز قطر و ارتفاع از جمله مهمترین شاخص‌ها در تحلیل ساختار مکانی جنگل در مطالعات استاتیک می‌باشند. که این شاخص‌ها به علت سادگی در محاسبات و دقت بالانسبت به سایر روش ها ارجح‌تر می‌باشد. در این پژوهش، مورد آماربرداری قرار گرفت. سپس به منظور بررسی پایش ساختار گونه‌های چوبی جنگل (راش، بلوط، ممرز، توسکا، افراپلت، شیردار، نمدار، ملج، و خرمندی) طی دوره ده ساله، از شاخص‌های زاویه‌ی یکنواخت، آمیختگی مینگ لینگ، نزدیک‌ترین همسایه و شاخص تمایز اندازه قطر و ارتفاع درختان استفاده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج بدست آمده میانگین شاخص‌های زاویه‌ی یکنواخت، آمیختگی مینگ لینگ، نزدیک‌ترین همسایه و شاخص تمایز اندازه قطر و ارتفاع درختان در اول دوره و انتهای دوره پایش پایش به ترتیب 552/0 و 591/0، 762/0 و 720/0، 645/5 و 35/5، 582/0 و 472/0، 598/0 و 525/0 محاسبه شد؛ که به ترتیب نشان دهنده الگوی پراکنش تصادفی متمایل به کپه‌ای، تنوع آمیختگی مطلوب، تراکم بالا، و اختلاف متوسط و آشکاربین قطر و ارتفاع درختان مرجع نسبت به درختان همسایه می‌باشد. به منظور مقایسه تنوع گونه‌ای، مکانی و اندازه قطر و ارتفاع درختان از آزمون تی‌جفتی استفاده شد؛ نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج آزمون تی جفتی نشان داد که اختلاف معناداری میان این شاخص‌ ها قبل و بعد از دوره پایش (یعنی دوره ده ساله) وجود ندارد.همچنین نتایج حاصل از آزمون تی جفتی برای تک تک گونه‌ها اثبات نمود، که بین شاخص تمایز قطری درخت ممرز قبل و بعد از پایش اختلاف معناداری وجود دارد. اما میان سایر گونه‌ها قبل و بعد از پایش اختلاف معنا داری وجود نداشت. که علت آن چیرگی درختان ممرز نسبت به درختان همسایه می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating structure monitoring indicators for wooden species of Northern forests of Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Sajjad Babaie 1
  • Mahmoud Bayat 2
  • Manochehr Namiranian 3
  • Sahar Heidari Masteali 4
1 university of Tehran
2 Assistant Prof., Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran.
3 university of Tehran
4 Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Monitoring forest structure, to understand many issues in ecology and forest management is essential. In general, the term "structure" emphasizes the combination of tree communities in terms of specific characteristics. Monitoring forest structure is essential for understanding many issues in ecology and forest management. Today, many indicators have been developed for assessing the position and biodiversity of the trees, which simplifies the structural analysis of the forest. The use of these indices in constant sample units facilitates population dynamics studies over time and makes it possible to monitor the diversity of the location, dimensions, diversity of trees and height of the trees. Due to the smallness of these indicators and the possibility of comparing a mass at two different times, these indicators are a useful tool for achieving sustainable forest management.
Materials and methods: Combination indexes, uniform angles, diameters and altitudes are among the most important indices in the analysis of forest spatial structure in static studies. These indicators are preferable to other methods because of their simplicity in calculations and balancing accuracy. In this research, using a randomized random method, a rectangular grid of 200 * 150 * meters was used to identify the Gorazbon of Kheyroud forest in the city of Noshahr. Then, in order to study the structure of the forest species (beech, oak, hornbeam, alder, apple, lambs, lambs, almonds, and durum wheat) over a period of ten years, the uniform angle index, Ming-Ling blending, close The largest neighbor and the index of differentiation of diameter and height of trees were used.Results: According to The results, Average indexes uniform angle index, mixing Ming Ling, nearest neighbor and the diameter and height dominate the index, in the first period and the end of the monitoring period was calculated) 0/598 and 0/525, 0/582 and 5/645 and 5/35, 0/762 and 0/720, 0/5521 and 0/591 respectively This represents a cluster random distribution pattern, an optimal mix of diversity and high density and the average dispute between the diameter and height of neighboring trees then the reference tree. In order to compare species diversity, location, and size, paired t-test was used.
Conclusion: Paired t-test results showed that there is no significant difference between these indices before and after the period of monitoring (ie, the ten-year period). Also, the results of t-pair test for each species were proved, that there is a significant difference between the indices of differentiation of hornbeam tree before and after the observation. But there was no significant difference between the other species before and after the observation. This is due to the dominance of hornbeam trees in neighboring trees.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest structure
  • Diversity of locations
  • species diversity
  • Monitoring
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