کیفیت لاشریزه و اجزای ناپایدار ماده آلی خاک در عرصه‌های جنگلی احیا شده ناحیه خزری

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، گروه علوم و صنایع چوب و کاغذ، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران. پست الکترونیک: khaghverdi@yahoo.com katayoun.haghverdi@kiau.ac.ir تلفن تماس: 09122107422

2 دانشجوی مقطع دکتری علوم جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی صومعه سرا، دانشگاه گیلان. شماره تماس: 09359781018 پست الکترونیک: faeze_tarighat69@yahoo.com

3 استادیار گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس. شماره تماس: 09112932313، پست الکترونیک: yahya.kooch@yahoo.com&yahya.kooch@modares.ac.ir

چکیده

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کاهش مساحت جنگل‌های طبیعی شمال کشور موجب شده است که احیای جنگل در این مناطق به جهت توسعه سطح جنگل و تولید چوب دارای اهمیت ویژه‌ای باشد، بنابراین مطالعه جنگل‌کاری‌های صورت گرفته، نقش مهم و مؤثری در ایجاد جنگل‌هایی با کیفیت و کمیت بهتر در آینده خواهند داشت. توده‌های دست‌کاشت جنگلی می‌توانند شاخص‌های مختلف لاشبرگ و خاک را تحت تأثیر قرار دهند. تحقیقات مختلفی که در گذشته صورت پذیرفته نشان داده گونه‌های مختلف درختی پهن‌برگ و سوزنی‌برگ که در سطوح وسیع مورد جنگل‌کاری قرار گرفته‌اند، از نظر کیفیت مواد آلی ورودی به داخل خاک دارای ویژگی‌های کاملاً متفاوتی می‌باشند. با این وجود، نقش گونه‌های درختی زبان‌گنجشک، بلندمازو، پیسه‌آ و کاج سیاه بر مشخصه‌های لاشریزه و خاک، از منظر شاخص‌های کیفی و اجزای ناپایدار ماده آلی، تاکنون مورد مطالعه قرار نگرفته است. هدف از انجام این تحقیق مطالعه کیفیت لاشریزه و اجزای ناپایدار ماده آلی خاک در عرصه‌های جنگلی احیا شده ناحیه خزری بوده که اثر توده‌های جنگل‌کاری شده زبان‌گنجشک (ون)، بلندمازو، پیسه‌آ و کاج سیاه، بر مشخصه‌های لایه آلی و معدنی خاک را مورد بررسی قرار می‌دهد.
مواد و روش‌ها: به این منظور، توده‌های جنگل‌کاری 40 ساله گونه‌های زبان‌گنجشک، بلندمازو، پیسه‌آ و کاج سیاه انتخاب و از هر یک از این توده‌های جنگلی، 8 نمونه لاشریزه و خاک (15× 25× 25 سانتی‌متری) جمع‌آوری شد. نمونه‌های جمع‌آوری شده لاشریزه و خاک جهت انجام تجزیه به فضای آزمایشگاه انتقال داده شد و مشخصه‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و اجزای ناپایدار ماده آلی خاک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج حاکی از آن است که بالاترین میزان نیتروژن لاشریزه (37/1 درصد) و پایین‌ترین مقدار کربن لاشریزه (51/40 درصد)، نسبت کربن به نیتروژن لاشریزه (10/33) و ضخامت لاشریزه (05/8 سانتی‌متر) به گونه درختی زبان‌گنجشک اختصاص دارد. مشخصه‌های فیزیکی وشیمیایی خاک نیز تحت تأثیر گونه‌های درختی مختلف تفاوت‌های آماری معنی‌داری (به‌جز جرم مخصوص ظاهری، سیلت و رس) را به نمایش گذاشته‌اند. بیشترین میزان کربن آلی ذره‌ای (52/4 گرم بر کیلوگرم) و کربن آلی محلول (36/125 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) به خاک تحت پوشش کاج سیاه اختصاص داشت. گونه درختی زبان‌گنجشک دارای بالاترین مقادیر نیتروژن آلی ذره‌ای (36/0 گرم بر کیلوگرم) و نیتروژن آلی محلول (66/28 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) در خاک بوده و تفاوت‌های آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده شد. میزان معدنی شدن نیتروژن در خاک تحت پوشش زبان‌گنجشک (97/39 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و بلندمازو (40/35 میلی-گرم بر کیلوگرم) بیشتر از خاک تحت پوشش گونه‌های درختی پیسه‌آ (85/26 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) و کاج سیاه (53/19 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم) بوده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق بیانگر بهبود مشخصه‌های مرتبط با کربن تحت توده‌های سوزنی‌برگ بوده، در حالی‌که توده‌های پهن-برگ شاخص‌های مرتبط با نیتروژن را تقویت نموده‌اند. بر اساس نتایج به دست آمده گونه‌های درختی پهن‌برگ مورد مطالعه لاشریزه‌های با کیفیت بهتری تولید کرده‌اند که این کیفیت بالای لاشبرگ‌ها می‌توانند در بهبود کیفیت خاک موثر باشند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Litter fall quality and soil labile organic matter fractions in reclaimed forest areas of Caspian region

نویسندگان [English]

  • Katayoun Haghverdi 1
  • Faeze Sadat Tarighat 2
  • Yahya Kooch 3
1 Assistant professor, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran. Email: Khaghverdi@yahoo.com, Katayoun.haghverdi@kiau.ac.ir Tel: +989122107422
2 Phd student of Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources of Someh-Sara, Guilan University. Email: faeze_tarighat69@yahoo.com. Tel. +989359781018
3 Assistant professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University (TMU). Emails: yahya.kooch@yahoo.com & yahya.kooch@modares.ac.ir. Tel. +98 9112932313
چکیده [English]

Abstract
Background and objectives: Decrease in natural forests area in north of our country due to various factors has caused the importance of reclaimed forest in this area which is carried out with the aim of developing forest surface and wood production. Therefore, study the nature of plantations can play an important and effective role in creating forests with better quality and quantity in the future. The forest plantation stands can effect on different litter and soil indicators. Various researches showed different types of broadleaves and needleleaves trees that are widely used in forestry have very different characteristics in the quality of the soil organic inputs. However, the role of Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus castaneifolia, Picea Abies and Pinus nigra species on litter and soil characteristics from the perspective of the quality indices and labile organic matter fractions, have not been studied. The purpose of this research was to study the litter quality and labile organic matter fractions in the forested areas of the Hyrcanian region, which is affected by the effect of Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus castaneifolia, Picea Abies and Pinus nigra on the characteristics of organic and mineral layer of soil.
Materials and methods: For this purpose, 40-years-old afforestation stands including Fraxinus excelsior, Quercus castaneifolia, Picea Abies and Pinus nigra species were selected and 8 litter and soil (25×25×15cm) samples were collected under each of stands. Collected samples of litter and soil were transferred to the laboratory for analysis, and the physical, chemical and labile components of soil organic matter were investigated.
Results: of the most litter nitrogen content (1.37%) and the least of litter carbon content (40.51%), C/N ratio (33.10) and litter thickness (8.05%) were found under Fraxinus excelsior. Soil physical and chemical properties (except for bulk density, silt and clay contents) were significantly differencesbetween tree species. Results showed that the soil under Pinus nigra had the highest values of particulate organic C (4.52 g/kg) and dissolved organic C (125.36 mg/kg). Greater amounts of particulate organic N (0.36 g/kg) and dissolved organic N (28/66 mg/kg) were belonged to Fraxinus excelsior soil. Soil N mineralization was significantly higher under Fraxinus excelsior (39.97 mg/kg) and Quercus castaneifolia (35.40 mg/kg) than in Picea Abies (26.85 mg/kg) and Pinus nigra (19.53 mg/kg).
Conclusion: The findings of this research are indicating that the characters related to C are enhanced by needle-leaved trees, while broad-leaved stands improved the features related to N content. Result showed broadleaved species increased soil fertility regarding to better quality of litter.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Litter quality
  • physical and chemical characters
  • particulate organic matter
  • dissolved organic matter
  • N mineralization
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