تاثیر مواد حفاظتی بر خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی چندسازه آرد چوب - پلی اتیلن

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری فرآورده‌های چندسازه چوب، دانشکده مهندسی چوب و کاغذ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 استادیار، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 دانشیار، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

4 استاد، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

5 دانشیار، گروه مهندسی صنایع مبلمان، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم زمین، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: طی سالیان اخیر تقاضا برای استفاده از چندسازه آرد چوب-پلی‌اتیلن به دلیل مزایای فراوان افزایش یافته است، اما حفظ خصوصیات مکانیکی و کیفیت ظاهری و در مجموع افزایش عمر مفید چندسازه‌های آرد چوب-‌پلاستیک در طول دوره سرویس‌ از دغدغه-های امروزه این صنعت می‌باشد. هوازدگی و عوامل بیولوژیکی از مواردی هستند که استفاده از چندسازه آرد چوب-پلاستیک در بیرون از ساختمان را به‌واسطه مواد لیگنوسلولزی ساختار آن، دچار مشکل می‌کنند. این عوامل سبب ایجاد تغییرات رنگی، افزایش خاصیت آب‌دوستی و کاهش خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی فراورده می‌شوند. مطالعات انجام شده نشان داده که با استفاده از مواد حفاظتی محلول در آب دارای عناصر مس و کروم می‌توان مقاومت به هوازدگی چوب را افزایش داد. در این مطالعه، اثر تیمار ذرات چوب با مواد حفاظتی عاری از آرسنیک (ACC،CCB و ACQ) و میزان غلظت آنها بر روی خواص فیزیکی و مکانیکی چندسازه آردچوب-پلاستیک پلی‌اتیلن سنگین مورد بررسی قرارگرفت.
مواد و روش‌ها: جهت این تحقیق، از پلیمر پلی‌اتیلن با دانسیته بالا به میزان 50 درصد، مالئیک انیدرید پلی‌اتیلن به میزان 2 درصد و آرد چوب پالونیا به مقدار 48 درصد جهت ساخت چند سازه‌ها استفاده شد. از سه نوع ماده حفاظتی (ACC،CCB و ACQ) با غلظت های صفر، 1/0، 5/0 و 1 درصد جهت تیمار آردهای چوب استفاده شد. بدین منظور، ابتدا آرد چوب در محلول مورد نظر غوطه‌ور و در ادامه پس از قرار گیری در دمای 5±50 درجه سانتی‌گراد و رطوبت نسبی 5±90 درصد جهت تثبیت مواد حفاظتی در آون خشک گردیدند. جهت ساخت نمونه‌ها ، ابتدا اختلاط مواد اولیه به کمک دستگاه اکسترودر دو ماردون ناهمسو‌گرد (با دامنه حرارتی160 تا 170 درجه سانتی‌گراد) انجام و سپس خروجی حاصل با استفاده از آسیاب چکشی به آرد تبدیل شد و در نهایت با استفاده از دستگاه پرس هیدرولیک (دمای 170 درجه سانتی‌گراد، فشار 100 بار در مدت زمان 10 دقیقه پرس گرم) چندسازه‌ها آماده شدند.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که تیمار ماده حفاظتی ACQ در 1/0 درصد تاثیر منفی در مقاومت کششی و تاثیر مثبت در بهبود ویژگی‌های فیزیکی داشت. با افزایش غلظت این ماده حفاظتی، مدول گسیختگی و کششی به طور معنی‌داری کاهش و جذب آب افزایش یافت. ماده حفاظتی CCB رفتار بهتری از خود نشان داد. به طوری که نمونه‌های حاوی این ماده در اکثر ویژگی‌های مکانیکی دارای وضعیت مطلوب‌تری بوده و حتی با افزایش غلظت آن خصوصیات فیزیکی بهبود یافت. در ویژگی‌های مکانیکی، ماده حفاظتی ACC نیز تقریبا رفتار مشابه با ماده CCB از خود نشان داد، اما این ماده با کاهش غلظت ویژگی‌های فیزیکی بهتری از خود نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: این مطالعه نشان داد که می‌توان با انتخاب بهینه نوع و غلظت مواد حفاظتی، خواص مکانیکی و پایداری ابعادی چندسازه‌های آرد چوب-پلاستیک‌ها را بهبود بخشید و در نتیجه امکان تولید محصولات چندسازه چوب-پلاستیکی بادوام بیشتر و کاربردهای گسترده‌تر در صنایع مختلف را فراهم نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Preservative materials on physical and mechanical properties of wood flour-polyethylene composite

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmadreza Rezanazhad 1
  • Davood Rasouli 2
  • Mahdi Mashkour 3
  • Mehrab Madhoushi 4
  • Mohsen Bahmani 5
1 Ph.D. Candidate in Wood Composite Products, Dept. of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Assistant Prof., Dept. of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
3 Associate Prof., Dept. of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
4 Prof., Dept. of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
5 Associate Prof., Dept. of Wood and Furniture Industry Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Earth Sciences, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Effect of Preservative materials on physical and mechanical properties of wood flour-polyethylene composite
Effect of Preservative materials on physical and mechanical properties of wood flour-polyethylene composite

Abstract
Background and Objective: In recent years, the demand for wood-plastic composites has increased due to their numerous advantages. However, maintaining the mechanical properties and surface quality and extending the service life of wood-plastic composites during their useful life have become a major concern in this industry. Weathering and biological factors, especially due to the lignocellulosic content in their structure, pose a challenge to the exterior application of wood-plastic composites. These factors cause color changes, increase hydrophilicity and deteriorate the physical and mechanical properties of the products. Research has shown that the use of water-soluble preservatives containing copper and chromium can improve the weather resistance of wood. In this study, the effects of treating wood particles with arsenic-free preservatives (ACC, CCB and ACQ) at different concentrations on the physical and mechanical properties of wood-polyethylene composites are investigated.
Materials and Methods: For this study, high density polyethylene (50%), maleic anhydride polyethylene (2%) and Paulownia wood flour (48%) were used to produce the composites. The wood flours were treated with three types of preservatives (ACC, CCB and ACQ) at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 0.5 and 1%. First, the wood flours were immersed in the preservative solution and then stored at 50±5°C and 90±5% relative humidity to fix the preservatives and finally dried in an oven. The raw materials were mixed using a twin-screw extruder (with a temperature range of 160-170°C) and the result was ground into flour using a hammer mill. The composites were then produced using a hydraulic press (at 170°C, 100 bar pressure, for 10 minutes).
Findings: The results showed that the preservative ACQ at a concentration of 0.1% had a negative effect on the tensile strength, but had a positive effect on the physical properties. Increasing the concentration led to a significant reduction in flexural and tensile strength and an increase in water absorption. The CCB preservative performed better, with the CCB-containing samples exhibiting better mechanical properties, and increasing the concentration further improved the physical properties. The preservative ACC showed similar mechanical behavior to CCB, but lower concentrations resulted in better physical properties.
Conclusion: The study has shown that selecting the optimal type and concentration of preservative can improve the mechanical properties and dimensional stability of wood-plastic composites. This offers the possibility of producing more durable wood-plastic products with a wider range of applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • High-density polyethylene
  • wood flour-polyethylene composite
  • preservative materials
  • physical properties
  • mechanical properties

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پژوهش‌های علوم و فناوری چوب و جنگل
دوره 31، شماره 3
مهر 1403
صفحه 137-158

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