بررسی تأثیر خاکستر گیاه نی و آهک در تثبیت خاک جاده‌های جنگلی (مطالعه موردی: جنگل دارابکلا- ساری)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد ، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد، علوم مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 استادیار، گروه جنگلداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

4 دانش آموخته دکتری، علوم مهندسی جنگل، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: در جنگل‌های ﻫﯿﺮﮐﺎﻧﯽ خاک‌های رﯾﺰداﻧﻪ رس دار ﺑﻪ دلیل ﺗﻮرمﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺑﻮدن ﻣﺸﮑﻼت زﯾﺎدی در پروژه‌های ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻤﺎﻧﯽ به‌ویژه جاده‌سازی اﯾﺠﺎد کرده‌اند و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻧﺎﭘﺎﯾﺪاری ﺑﺴﺘﺮ راه و درنتیجه ﺧﺮاﺑﯽ روﺳﺎزی شده‌اند.‌خاک های ریزدانه به دلیل خواص فنی نامطلوب، به ویژه خواص پلاستیکی، نفوذپذیری کم، مقاومت کم، تغییر فشار آب منفذی، تغییر در حجم، بافت، خواص شیمیایی و ساختار دانه مشکل ساز هستند و ممکن است مشکلات مهندسی پیچیده ای را برای ساخت جاده های جنگلی ایجاد کنند. یکی از ‌روشهای بهبود خصوصیات تورمی خاک، تثبیت خاک می‌باشد. تثبیت خاک عبارت است از استفاده از مواد افزودنی طبیعی یا مصنوعی به منظور بهبود خصوصیات مکانیکی خاک. آهک و ضایعات گیاهان , به عنوان موادی ارزان قیمت، در دسترس و با کاربرد آسان هستند.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این پژوهش مقدار ثابت سه درصد آهک هیدراته به همراه خاکستر گیاه نی از گونه Phragmites australis با نسبت اختلاط سه، شش، نه و دوازده درصد به خاک بستر جاده منطقه مورد مطالعه واقع در جنگل آموزشی و پژوهشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری-دارابکلا اضافه گردید و سپس آزمایش‌های مکانیک خاک شامل: حدود اتربرگ، آزمایش تراکم استاندارد، آزمایش نسبت باربری کالیفرنیا و آزمایش مقاومت فشاری تک‌محوره پس از طی دوره عمل‌آوری در سه تکرار انجام پذیرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان می‌دهد حد روانی و شاخص خمیری کاهش و حد خمیری خاک افزایش یافتند. مقدار حداکثر وزن مخصوص خشک نمونه‌ها با افزایش مقدار خاکستر گیاه نی سیر نزولی یافت و بیشترین مقدار KN/m3 14.52 در خاک مورد مطالعه و کمترین مقدار KN/m3 11.97 در نمونه خاک با سه درصد آهک و 12 درصد خاکستر گیاه نی ثبت شد. در آزمایش نسبت باربری کالیفرنیا یک‌روند افزایشی از 9/4 درصد در خاک مورد مطالعه تا 7/9 درصد در نمونه خاک حاوی سه درصد آهک و 12 درصد خاکستر گیاه نی ثبت شد. نتیجه آزمایش مقاومت فشاری تک‌محوره در سه دوره زمانی 7، 14 و 28 روز بر روی نمونه‌ها نشان می‌دهد بیشترین مقدار مقاومت فشاری تک‌محوره به میزان Kg/cm2 2.6 در نمونه حاوی سه درصد آهک و شش درصد خاکستر گیاه نی پس از طی زمان 28 روز حاصل شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس یافته‌های پژوهش پیشرو نتیجه گرفته شد که از خاکستر گیاه نی به‌عنوان یک ماده پوزولانی مناسب، جهت تثبیت خاک بستر جاده‌های جنگلی منطقه مورد مطالعه می‌توان استفاده نمود و نسبت سه درصد آهک و شش درصد خاکستر بازمان عمل‌آوری 28 روز را برای تثبیت خاک رس بستر جاده‌های جنگلی منطقه مورد مطالعه پیشنهاد شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the effect of reed plant ash and lime on soil stabilization of forest roads (Case study:Darab Kola-Sari)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Lotfalian 1
  • Alireza Bozorgi 2
  • Mehran Nasiri 3
  • Somayeh karamirad 4
1 Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
2 Master's degree in Forest Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
4 PhD in Forest Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Abstract Background and objectives: In Hirkan forests, fine-grained clayey soils have created many problems in construction projects, especially road construction, due to their swelling, and have caused the instability of the road surface and as a result, the pavement has been damaged. Fine-grained soils are problematic due to unfavorable technical properties, especially plastic properties, low permeability, low strength, changes in pore water pressure, changes in volume, texture, chemical properties, and grain structure, and may present complex engineering problems for construction. One of the ways to improve the swelling characteristics of the soil is soil stabilization. Soil stabilization is the use of natural or synthetic additives to improve the mechanical properties of soil. Lime and plant waste are cheap, available and easy to use materials. Materials and methods: In this research, a fixed amount of three percent hydrated lime along with reed plant ash from Phragmites australis with a mixing ratio of three, six, nine and twelve percent to the road bed soil of the study area located in the educational and research forest of Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources - Darabkala was added and then soil mechanics tests including: Atterberg limit, standard compaction test, California bear ratio(CBR) test and uniaxial compressive strength(UCS) test were performed in three repetitions after the processing period. In this research, a constant amount of three percent hydrated lime along with reed ash with a mixing ratio of three, six, nine, and twelve percent was added to the road bed soil of the study area.
Results: The results show that the liquid limit and plasticity index decreased and placticity limit of the soil increased. The maximum dry weight of the samples decreased with the increase of reed ash, and the highest value of 14.52 KN/m3 was recorded and the lowest value of 11.97 KN/m3 was recorded in the soil sample with 3% lime and 12% reed ash. In CBR test, an increasing trend was recorded from 4.9% to 9.7% in the soil sample containing 3% lime and 12% reed ash. The result of the uniaxial compressive strength test in three time periods of 7, 14 and 28 days on the samples shows that the highest value of uniaxial compressive strength is 2.6 Kg/cm2 in the sample containing 3% lime and 6% reed ash after 28 days. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this research, it was concluded that reed ash can be used as a suitable pozzolanic material to stabilize the bed soil of the forest roads in the study area, and the ratio of three percent lime and six percent ash can be used for 28 days to stabilize the bed clay.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CBR
  • Lime
  • Curing time
  • Pozzolanic reaction

مراجع

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پژوهش‌های علوم و فناوری چوب و جنگل
دوره 31، شماره 2
تیر 1403
صفحه 91-110

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