الکترودهای کربنی-نانوکامپوزیتی مونولیتیک متخلخل بر پایه چوب کربنیزه/ چارچوب‌ فلز-آلی به عنوان کاتد خودایستا برای پیل سوختی میکروبی رسوبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری ، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

2 دانشیار ، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

3 دانشیار، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

4 محقق پسادکتری، گروه تکنولوژی و مهندسی چوب، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: مواد کربنی با داشتن امتیازاتی چون ثبات شیمیایی و گرمایی، رسانایی الکتریکی، سطح ویژه و تخلخل زیاد در ساخت الکترودها بسیار متداول می‌باشند. مواد کربنی بر پایه چوب در دستگاه‌های ذخیره انرژی الکتروشیمیایی، عملکرد خازنی مناسبی داشته و سبب افزایش ذخیره بار می‌گردد؛ اما چوب رسانایی الکتریکی کافی به عنوان الکترود کربنی نداشته و به منظور تقویت عملکرد آن، کامپوزیت‌های مواد کربنی با سایر مواد رسانا سنتز شده‌اند. در این پژوهش خصوصیات فیزیکی-شیمیایی و الکتروشیمیایی الکترودهای کربنی نانوکامپوزیتی مشتق شده از چوب واجد ذرات چارچوب‌ فلز-آلی منگنز (Mn-MOF) سنتز شده به روش درجا و کارایی این الکترودها به عنوان کاتد در پیل سوختی میکروبی رسوبی بررسی و با عملکرد الکترودهای چوب پیرولیز شده شاهد و نمد کربنی تجاری مقایسه شد.
مواد و روش‌ها: قطعه‌هایی از برون‌چوب چنار خاوری (Platanus orientalis) به عنوان ماده اولیه لیگنوسلولزی در دمای °C 700 و نرخ گرمایش°C min-1 5 در کوره تحت اتمسفر گاز بی‌اثر آرگون با دبی جریان mLmin-1 100 و زمان ماند 1 ساعت پیرولیز شد. پس از پیرولیز، نمونه‌های چوب کربنیزه با آب مقطر شست‌وشو و در آون خشک شدند. به منظور سنتز درجای Mn-MOF و ساخت الکترودهای کامپوزیتی CW/ Mn-MOF از منگنز (II) استات چهارآبه و لیگاند 5،3،1- بنزن‌تری‌کربوکسیلیک‌اسید استفاده شد. در پایان، نمونه‌ها با اتانول شسته و در آون خشک شدند. پیرولیز ثانویه با نرخ گرمایش°C min-1 5 تا دمای °C 900 و زمان ماند 2 ساعت در جریان دائمی گاز آرگون انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد پس از پیرولیز، از نظر ریخت‌شناسی ساختار متخلخل و کانال‌های به‌هم‌پیوسته و مستقیم چوب حفظ شد. علاوه بر آن سنتز درجای Mn-MOF روی بستر چوب کربنیزه موفقیت‌آمیز بود. نتایج طیف‌سنجی رامان، افزایش میزان بی‌نظمی و ناجوراتمی در ساختار الکترودهای نانوکامپوزیتی تهیه شده را در مقایسه با نمونه چوب پیرولیز شده شاهد نشان داد. الگوهای پراش پرتوی ایکس دلالت بر حضور ساختار کربن آمورف و گرافیتی در الکترودهای تهیه شده داشت. علاوه بر آن، الکترودهای کربنی دوپه شده با چارچوب‌های فلز-آلی منگنز در مقایسه با الکترودهای شاهد و نمد کربنی، کم‌ترین امپدانس و بیش‌ترین چگالی توان را نشان داد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر طبق نتایج، کربنیزاسیون در دمای بالا، سبب گرافیتی شدن ماده چوبی و رسانایی الکتریکی آن می‌شود. دوپه کردن الکترودهای کربنی و ساخت الکترود کربنی کامپوزیتی مبتنی بر چوب پیرولیز شده حاوی چارچوب‌ فلز-آلی منگنز موجب تقویت عملکرد الکتروشیمیایی کاتد در پیل سوختی میکروبی رسوبی گردید. اثر هم‌افزایی حاصل از رفتار شبه‌خازنی چارچوب فلز-آلی منگنز به همراه رفتار خازنی دولایه کربن، موجب بهبود عملکرد کلی پیل گردید.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Porous monolithic carbon-nanocomposite electrodes based on carbonized wood/ MOF as a free-standing cathode for sediment microbial fuel cells

نویسندگان [English]

  • Anooshe Fazeli 1
  • Mahdi Mashkour 2
  • Hossein Yousefi 3
  • Mehrdad Mashkour 4
1 Doctoral student of the Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
4 Postdoctoral Researcher, Department of Wood Technology and Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Carbon materials bearing advantages such as chemical and thermal stability, electrical conductivity, high specific surface area, and high porosity are widely used in electrode materials. Although the utilization of wood-based carbon materials in electrochemical energy storage devices has good capacitive behavior and it increases charge storage, wood does not show sufficient electrical conductivity due to the inadequate electrical conductivity as a carbon electrode. In order to boost its performance, composites of carbon materials have been synthesized with other conductive materials. In this study, the physicochemical and electrochemical properties of nanocomposite electrodes based on carbonized wood/ Mn-MOF, prepared by the in-situ synthesis method, were assessed. Furthermore, the Performance of these electrodes as the cathode in sediment microbial fuel cells was investigated. Its performance was compared with control wood-based and commercial carbon felt electrodes, too.
Materials and methods: The sapwood blocks of Platanus orientalis as lignocellulosic precursor were pyrolyzed at a temperature of 700 °C and a heating rate of 5 °C min-1 in the argon atmosphere with a constant flow of 100 mLmin-1 and a retention time of 1 h. After pyrolysis, the carbonized wood samples were washed with distilled water and dried in an oven. Then, to synthesize composite electrodes of CW/ Mn-MOF, manganese (II) acetate tetrahydrate, and 1,3,5-benzene tricarboxylic acid ligand were used. Finally, the samples were washed with ethanol and dried in the oven. Secondary pyrolysis was performed at 900 °C for 2 h in an argon atmosphere and a heating rate of 5 °C min-1.
Results: The results of this study showed that after wood pyrolysis, morphologically, the porous structure and its connected and direct channels were preserved. In addition, in-situ synthesis of Mn-MOF on carbonized wood was successfully performed. According to Raman spectra, the increase in the degree of disordering in the structure of prepared nanocomposite electrodes compared to control carbonized woods was observed. Furthermore, XRD patterns indicate the presence of amorphous and graphitic carbon in graphitic crystals of carbon. In addition, carbon electrodes doped with Mn-MOF showed the lowest impedance and the highest maximum power density compared to control and carbon felt electrodes.
Conclusion: According to the results, high-temperature carbonization causes graphitization of wood material and yields electrical conductivity. Doping of carbon electrodes and fabrication of carbon-nanocomposite electrodes based on carbonized wood/ Mn-MOF promoted the electrochemical performance of the cathode in sediment microbial fuel cells. The synergistic effect between the pseudocapacitive behavior of Mn-MOF and the electrical double-layer capacitance behavior of carbon material improved the performance of the whole SMFC setup.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Metal-organic frameworks
  • Electrode
  • Sediment microbial fuel cells
  • Energy storage
  • Power density

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پژوهش‌های علوم و فناوری چوب و جنگل
دوره 30، شماره 4
دی 1402
صفحه 18-37

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