1.Sagheb Talebi, K., Sajedi, T., and Pourhashemi, M. 2014. Forests of Iran: A Treasure from the Past, a Hope for the Future; Springer: Dordrecht, The Netherlands. 152p.
2.Alinejadi, S., Basiri R., Tahmasebi Kohyani P., Askari Y., and Moradi, M. 2016. Estimation of biomass and carbon sequestration in various forms of Quercus brantii Lindl. stands in Balout Boland, Dehdez. Iranian J. of Forest. 8: 2. 129-139. (In Persian)
3.Mirzaei, J., and Moradi, M. 2017. Relationships between flora biodiversity, soil physiochemical properties, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) diversity in a semi-arid forest. Plant Ecology and Evolution. 150: 2. 151-159.
4.Henareh Khalyani, J., Namiranian, M., Khodaee Tehrani, V., and Javanmiri Pour, M. 2015. Investigation of non-timber forest products and their contribution to poverty alleviation of rural communities in northern Zagros Forests (Field force analysis of issues and problems). Iranian J. of Forest and Poplar Research. 23: 2. 307-3019. (In Persian)
5.Panahi, P., and Jamzad, Z. 2017. The conservation status of oak species of Iran. J. of Iran Nature. 2: 1. 82.91.
6.Neto, A.M., Martins, S.V., and de Almeida Silva, K. 2019. Plantlet rescue in a soil seed bank to produce forest species seedlings. Ecological Engineering, 132: 94-101.
7.Castro, J., Leverkus, A.B., and Fuster, F. 2015. A new device to foster oak forest restoration via seed sowing. New Forests. 46: 5. 919-929.
8.Huang, Z., Ölçer-Footitt, H., Footitt, S., and Finch-Savage, W. 2015. Seed dormancy is a dynamic state: Variable responses to pre- and post-shedding environmental signals in seeds of contrasting Arabidopsis ecotypes. Seed Science Research. 25: 2.159-169.
9.Baskin, C.C., and Baskin, J.M. 2020. Breaking seed dormancy during dry storage: A useful tool or major problem for successful restoration via direct seeding? Plants. 9: 636.
10.Palma, A.C., and Laurance, S.G. 2015. A review of the use of direct seeding and seedling plantings in restoration: what do we know and where should we go?. Applied Vegetation Science. 18: 4. 561-568.
11.Grossnickle, S.C., and Ivetić, V. 2017. Direct seeding in reforestation–a field performance review. Reforesta. 4: 94-142.
12.Martelletti, S., Lingua, E., Meloni, F., Freppaz, M., Motta, R., Nosenzo, A., and Marzano, R. 2018. Microsite manipulation in lowland oak forest restoration results in indirect effects on acorn predation. Forest Ecology and Management. 411: 27-34.
13.Madsen, P., and Löf, M. 2005. Reforestation in southern Scandinavia using direct seeding of oak (Quercus robur L.). Forestry. 78: 1. 55-64.
14.Nilsson, U., Gemmel, P., Löf, M., and Welander, T. 1996. Germination and early growth of sown Quercus robur L. in relation to soil preparation, sowing depths and prevention against predation. New Forests. 12: 1.69-86.
15.Van Ginkel, H.A.L., Kuijper, D.P.J., Churski, M., Zub, K., Szafrańska, P., and Smit, C. 2013. Safe for saplings not safe for seeds: Quercus robur recruitment in relation to coarse woody debris in Białowieża Primeval Forest. Poland. Forest Ecology and Management. 304: 73-79.
16.Moradi, M., Jorfi, M.R., Basiri, R., Yusef Naanaei S., and Heydari M. 2022. Beneficial effects of livestock exclusion on tree regeneration, understory plant diversity, and soil properties in semiarid forests in Iran. Land Degradation & Development. 33: 2. 324-332.
17.Salehi, A., Söderberg, U., 2, Eriksson, L.O., and Mirzaei, M.R. 2013. Impacts of forest-based activities on woodland characteristics in a forested watershed of southern Zagros, Iran. Caspian J. of Environmental Science. 11: 2. 161-176.
18.Heydari, A., Mattaji, A., Kia-daliri, H., and Shabanian, N. 2011. Effect of planting depth and time on seeds germination of Manna oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.). Iranian J. of Forest and Poplar Research. 19: 1. 128-140. (In Persian)
19.Hosseini, A., and Aazami, A. 2018. Determining the natural establishment pattern of Quercus Persica generative regeneration in different site conditions to Restore Zagros forests. Geography and Environmental Sustainability.
4: 25. 53-63. (In Persian)
20.Abdi, F., Mataji, A., and Esmaeili, S. 2022. Effect of different seeding methods and time on survival and growth of Iranian oak seedlings in the Eivan nursery conditions of Ilam province. J of Renewable Natural Resources Research. 12: 2. 107-118.
(In Persian)
21.Hosseini, A., and Jafari, M.R. 2021. The effect of altitude and nurse type on the success rate of Brant`s oak and wild Pistachio seeding in Dalab, Ilam forests. Forest and Wood Products. 74: 2. 159-169. (In Persian)
22.Parnian Kalayeh, S., Moradi, M., Sefidi, K., and Basiri, R. 2020. Coarse and fine woody debris and mortality rate of Persian Oak estimation in relation to some environmental factors in Zagros Oak forest (Case study: Tange Alamdar, Behbahan). Iranian J. of Forest. 11: 4. 519-532. (In Persian)
23.Ramandi, A., Yousefi Javan, I., Mohammadi Tazehabadi, F., Imani Asl, G., Khosravanian, R., and Ebrahimzadeh, M.H. 2019. Improvement in seed surface sterilization and in vitro seed germination of ornamental and medicinal lant Catharanthus roseus (L.). Chiang Mai J. of Science. 46: 6. 1107-1112.
24.Banj Shafiei, A., Eshaghi Rad, J., Alijanpour, A., and Pato, M. 2012. Effects of super-absorbent application and irrigation period on the growth of pistachio seedlings (Pistacia atlantica), (Case study: Dr. Javanshir nursery, Piranshahr). Iranian J. of Forest. 4: 2. 101-112. (In Persian)
25.Martinez-Baroja, L., Rey-Benayas, J.M., Pérez-Camacho, L., and Villar-Salvador, P. 2021. Drivers of oak establishment in Mediterranean old fields from 25-year-old woodland islets planted to assist natural regeneration. European J. of Forest Research. pp. 1-14.
26.Hosseini, A., and Pourhashemi, M. 2022. The effect of aspect and seeding position on the seedling emergence and survival of wild pistachio, maple and almond by direct seeding in Ilam forests. Iranian J. of Forest. 13: 4. 395-408.
(In Persian)
27.Yang, F., Cen, R., Feng, W., Liu, J., Qu, Z., and Miao, Q. 2020. Effects of super-absorbent polymer on soil remediation and crop growth in arid and semi-arid areas. Sustainability. 12: 7825.
28.Castro, J., Zamora, R., Hódar, J.A., and Gómez, J.M. (2002). Use of shrubs as nurse plants: a new technique for reforestation in Mediterranean mountains. Restoration Ecology. 10: 2. 297-305.
29.Villalobos, A., Schlyter, F., Olsson, G., Witzell, J., and Löf, M. 2020. Direct seeding for restoration of mixed oak forests: Influence of distance to forest edge, predator-derived repellent and acorn size on seed removal by granivorous rodents. Forest Ecology and Management. 477: 118-484.
30.Maghsodian, O., Mollashahi, M., Moshki, A.R., Ravanbakhsh, H., and Kianian, M.K. 2021. The effect of different soil remediation methods on growth and primary establishment of Pistacia atlantica Desf., Quercus infectoria Oliv., Melia azedarach L. and Cupressus sempervirens L. saplings in Semnan. Iranian J. of Forest. 13: 1. 59-72. (In Persian)
31.Kong, W., Li, Q., Li, X., Su, Y., Yue, Q., and Gao, B. 2019. A biodegradable biomass-based polymeric composite
for slow release and water retention. J. of Environmental Management. 230: 190-198.
32.Guo, C., Shen, Y., and Shi, F. 2020. Effect of temperature, light, and storage time on the seed germination of Pinus bungeana Zucc. ex Endl.: The role of seed-covering layers and abscisic acid changes. Forests. 11: 3. 300.
33.Han, S.H. 2018. Direct effects on seed germination of 17 tree species under elevated temperature and CO2 conditions. Open Life Sciences. 13: 1. 137-148.
34.Heydari, M., Prévosto, B., Naji, H.R., Mehrabi, A.A., and Pothier, D. 2017. Influence of soil properties and burial depth on Persian oak (Quercus brantii Lindl.) establishment in different microhabitats resulting from traditional forest practices. European J. of Forest Research. 136: 2. 287-305.
35.Hosseini, A., Pourhashemi, M., and Aazami, A. 2021. Investigation on seedling emergence from direct seeding of Quercus Persica, Pistacia Atlantica and Acer Cineracens in natural conditions of Ilam, Dalab forests. Ecology of Iranian Forests. 9: 17. 41-48. (In Persian)
36.Tinya, F., Kovács, B., Aszalós, R., Tóth, B., Csépányi, P., Németh, C., and Ódor, P. 2020. Initial regeneration success of tree species after different forestry treatments in a sessile oak-hornbeam forest. Forest Ecology and Management. 459: 117-810.
37.Milbau, A., Graae, B.J., Shevtsova, A., and Nijs, I. 2009. Effects of a warmer climate on seed germination in the subarctic. Annals of Botany. 104: 2. 287-296.
38.Tian, R.S. 2018. The influence of site condition on the growth of Larix principis-rupprechtii. Mod. Hortic. 19: 76-77.
39.Amiri, M., Mohammadi, J., Dargahi, D., and Habashi, H. 2009. Effect of geographic situation on natural regeneration of oak (Quercus castaneifoila C.A Mey) in Loveh forest. Pajouhesh-va-Sazandegi. 21: 3. 116-123. (In Persian)
40.Alijanpour, A., Banj Shafiei, A., and Eshaghi Rad, J. 2010. Investigation of natural regeneration characteristics in west oak forests within different levels of site factors (case study: Piranshahr region). Iranian J. of Forest. 2: 3. 209-219. (In Persian)
41.Dobrowolska, D. 2008. Effect of stand density on oak regeneration in flood plain forests in Lower Silesia. Poland. Forestry. 81: 4. 511-523.
42.Caldeira, M.C., Ibáñez, I., Nogueira, C., Bugalho, M.N., Lecomte, X., Moreira, A., and Pereira, J.S. 2014. Direct and indirect effects of tree canopy facilitation in the recruitment of Mediterranean Oaks. J. of Applied Ecology. 51: 2. 349-358.
43.Bagheri, J., Salehi, A., and Taheri abkenar, K. 2014. Effective factors on regeneration establishment and quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Pistacia atlantica in different physiographic conditions (Case study: Khojir National park). Ecology of Iranian Forest. 2: 3. 1-12. (In Persian)
44.Omidi, H.A., and Mirzaei, J. 2015. The effects of some environmental factors on natural regeneration of trees and shrubs Species in Zagros forests (Case study: forest of Baye, Ilam). J. of Forest Ecosystems Researches. 2: 1. 93-104. (In Persian)
45.Noshadi, H., Namiranian, M., Attarod, P., and Hoseinzadeh, J. 2014. Effect of physiographic factors on mortality of Persian Oak in the Middle of forests (Case study: Ilam). J. of Forest and Wood Products. 67: 1. 73-84. (In Persian)
46.Hosseini, S.M., Aliarab, A.R., Akbarinia, M., Jalali, S.G., Tabari, M., Elmi, M.R., and Rasooli Y. 2007. The Effect of shadow on height growth of seedlings of Cupressus arizonica. J. of Environmental Research. 33: 43. 61-72.
47.Motsa, M.M., Slabbert, M.M., Van Averbeke, W., and Morey, L. 2015. Effect of light and temperature on seed germination of selected African leafy vegetables. South African J. of Botany. 99: 29-35.