بررسی اثر تنش شوری و کود معدنی هربان بر صفات مورفولوژیکی زیتون‌تلخ (Melia azedarach L)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی‌ارشد ، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران،

2 دانشیار ، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران،

3 دانش‌آموخته دکتری ، دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران،

4 کارشناس‌ارشد، آزمایشگاه گروه باغبانی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تنش شوری از مهم‌ترین عوامل محدود کننده رشد و گسترش رستنی‌ها در سطح کره زمین است. در جهان مساحتی حدود 800 میلیون هکتار، در ایران حدود 44 میلیون هکتار و در استان گلستان بیش از 75 هزار هکتار از اراضی آن تحت تأثیر شوری خاک بوده و دارای پوشش گیاهی فقیر، تنک و منحصراً از گونه‌های مقاوم به شوری است. استفاده از گونه‌های درختی مقاوم به تنش شوری و افزایش عملکرد آنها با افزودن مواد غذایی مورد نیاز از منابع مختلف به خاک می‌تواند در جهت استقرار پوشش گیاهی و استفاده بهینه از زمین‌های شور مؤثر واقع گردد.
مواد و روش‌ها: پژوهش حاضر بر روی نهال‌های یک ساله زیتون تلخ به‌صورت فاکتوریل دو عامله در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی اجرا گردید. تنش شوری با آب آبیاری هر پنج روز یک‌بار و در پنج سطح شامل 0، 5، 10، 15 و ds/m20 و کوددهی در چهار سطح شامل 0، 50، 75 و 100 گرم کود معدنی هربان برای هر نهال با پنج تکرار به مدت 120 روز اعمال شد. به‌منظور تقلیل اثرات سوء جابجایی و ترمیم ریشه‌های آسیب دیده، کوددهی 50 روز قبل از اعمال تنش شوری انجام شد. در طول دوره اعمال تنش شوری میزان شادابی و درصد زنده‌مانی هر پنج روز یک‌بار و در پایان دوره 15 صفت رویشی اندازه‌گیری شد. تجزیه واریانس دادها با استفاده از نرم افزار SPSS و جهت مقایسات میانگین از آزمون دانکن استفاده شد. همچنین داده‌های رتبه‌ای نیز با آزمون کروسکال و الیس مورد بررسی قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان‌داد تنش شوری باعث کاهش معنی‌دار درصد زنده‌مانی، شادابی، رشد طولی، سطح برگ، تعداد برگ، میانگین مساحت فردی برگ، سطح ویژه برگ، وزن تر برگ، وزن خشک برگ، وزن تر ریشه و افزایش وزن مخصوص برگ در سطح احتمال 5 درصد شد. اثر کوددهی موجب افزایش معنی‌دار رشد طولی و کاهش معنی‌دار وزن مخصوص برگ گردید. بیشترین میزان شادابی و درصد زنده‌مانی در شرایط بدون تنش شوری و اعمال سطوح کود مشاهده شد. کمترین میزان شادابی و زنده‌مانی نیز در تیمار تنش ds/m 20 با 100 گرم کود حاصل شد. افزایش معنی‌دار رشد طولی و کاهش معنی‌دار وزن مخصوص برگ تنها اثرات قابل توجه کوددهی بود. مقایسه میانگین‌ها نشان‌داد تفاوتی بین میزان صفات یاد شده در سطح شاهد و ds/m 5 مشاهده نشد. بیشترین درصد زنده‌مانی در پایان دوره در سطوح 10 و ds/m15 به‌ترتیب برابر با 100 و 75 درصد بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: بنابراین با توجه به نتایج حاصل، زیتون تلخ به راحتی شوری ds/m5 را متحمل است و در صورت استفاده از کودهای مناسب با زمان تثبیت کوتاه و درصد جذب بالا، می‌توان برای کشت آن در مناطقی با شوری ds/m 10-15 با اهداف مختلف اقدام کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Salinity stress and Herban mineral fertilizer on the morphological traits of bitter olive (Melia azedarach L.)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Homayoun Mohammadi 1
  • Vahideh Payamnoor 2
  • Jamile Nazari 3
  • Sadegh Atashi 4
1 Forestry and forest ecology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.
3 Gorgan University of Agriculture Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan
4 Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Horticultural Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Salinity stress is one of the most important factors limiting the growth and expansion of plants on the planet. In the world, an area of about 800 million hectares, in Iran about 44 million hectares and in Golestan province more than 75000 hectares of its lands are affected by salinity and has poor vegetation, sparse and exclusively salinity-resistant species. The use of salinity stress-resistant tree species and increasing their yield by adding the required nutrients from different sources to the soil can be effective in establishing vegetation and optimal use of saline soils.
Materials and Methods: For this purpose, the present study was performed on one-year-old bitter olive seedlings (Melia azedarach) in a factorial experiment with two-factor as a completely randomized design. Salinity stress with irrigation water once every five days in five levels including 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20ds/m and fertilization in four levels including 0, 50, 75 and 100 g of Herbban mineral fertilizer it was applied for each seedling with five replications for 120 days. In order to reduce the adverse effects of displacement and repair of damaged roots, fertilization was performed 50 days before salinity stress. During the period of salinity stress, the rate of vitality quality and survival percentage were measured every five days and at the end of the period, 15 vegetative traits were measured. Data analysis of variance was performed using SPSS software and Duncan test was used to compare the means. Rank data were also analyzed by Kruskal and Ellis tests.
Results: The results showed that salinity stress caused a significant decrease in vitality quality, survival, longitudinal growth, leaf area, number of leaves, average individual leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, fresh weight Root and leaf specific gravity increased at 5% probability level. The effect of fertilization caused a significant increase in longitudinal growth and a significant decrease in leaf specific gravity. The highest vitality quality and survival were observed in conditions without salinity stress and fertilizer application. The lowest vitality quality and survival were obtained at 20ds/m and 100 g of fertilizer. Significant increase in longitudinal growth and significant decrease in leaf specific gravity were the only significant effects of fertilization. Comparison of means did not show any difference between the mentioned traits at the control level and 5ds/m. The highest survival percentage at the end of the period at the levels of 10 and 15 ds/m were equal to 100 and 75%, respectively.
Conclusion: Therefore, according to the results, bitter olive easily tolerates salinity of 5ds/m and if suitable fertilizers are used with short stabilization time and high absorption percentage, it can be grown in areas with salinity of 10-15ds/m acted with different goals.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sodium chloride
  • Environmental stresses
  • Vegetative traits
  • Nutrients
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