پیامد برهم کنش ریشه‌ای گونه‌های بلندمازو و پلت درکشت خالص و آمیخته بر تغییرات مکانی تراوش آنزیم اوره‌آز

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران،

2 دانش آموخته دکتری دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

چکیده
سابقه و هدف: برهم کنش ریشه از عوامل مهم تأثیرگذار بر آنزیم‌های تراوش‌یافته در فضای ریزوسفری هستند که بسته به ساختار ریشه، نوع گونه و عمق خاک از توزیع مکانی ناهمانندی برخوردارند. تاکنون پژوهش‌های محدودی در رابطه با شناسایی اهمیت مکانی فرآیندهای ریزوسفر گونه‌های جنگلی انجام شده است. گونه‌های درختی با توجه به مورفولوژی و فیزیولوژی ریشه و نیازمندی‌های مواد مغذی فضای ریزوسفری متفاوتی دارند. این تحقیق با هدف بررسی تغییرات مکانی تراوش آنزیم اوره‌آز در فضای ریزوسفر نهال‌های بلندمازو و پلت در کشت خالص و آمیخته انجام ‌شده است.
مواد و روش: در این پژوهش 18 ریزوترون نوین برای دستیابی به هدف تحقیق بکار گرفته شد که هرکدام 12 درگاه دستیابی رستری برای گرفتن تراوش‌های ریشه داشتند. این درگاه‌ها در عمق‌ها و فواصل مشخص از یکدیگر ایجاد شد تا امکان محاسبه تغییرات مکانی آنزیم‌های تراوش یافته از ریشه را فراهم سازد. دو عمق پایین‌تر (50 و 75 سانتی‌متر) از خاک معدنی و در دو عمق بالاتر (15 و 30 سانتی‌متر) از ترکیب خاک و لاشبرگ (4% وزنی) پر شدند. در چهار تیمار ترکیب گونه‌ای خالص بلندمازو و پلت، آمیخته و کنترل (بدون کشت نهال)، نهال‌های یکساله دو گونه‌ بلندمازو و پلت کاشته شدند. نمونه‌برداری از عمق گوناگون خاک ریزوترون‌ها شش ماه پس از کشت گیاهان انجام شد و فعالیت آنزیم اوره‌آز در خاک به روش کاندلر ارزیابی گردید. کارایی آنزیمی در این مقاله با تفاضل فعالیت آنزیمی هر محل مشخص از مقدار متناظر کنترل (بدون ریشه) محاسبه شد و نشان‌دهنده کارایی کاتالیتیکی نیست.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که میزان تراوش اوره‌آز در ترکیب‌های متفاوت کشت در سطح احتمال 95 درصد اختلاف معنی‌داری دارد و بیشترین تراوش آنزیم در کشت خالص بلندمازو و آمیخته و کمترین تراوش در کنترل مشاهده گردید. بررسی تغییرات مکانی فعالیت آنزیم اوره‌آز تراوش شده در عمق‌های گوناگون خاک تنها در مورد تیمار آمیخته در سطح احتمال 95 درصد معنی‌دار بود. کارایی آنزیم اوره‌آز در عمق‌های گوناگون خاک در تیمارهای کشت خالص پلت و کشت آمیخته در سطح احتمال 95 درصد معنی‌دار بود در حالی‌که در فواصل مختلف از یقه نهال فقط در تیمار خالص بلندمازو معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین میزان تراوش اوره‌آز در عمق 75 سانتی‌متری مشاهده شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: میزان تراوش مکانی اوره‌آز بیشتر وابسته به تراکم ریشه در مکان‌های مختلف است که این مسئله هم وابسته به چگونگی برهم کنش ریشه‌ای نهال‌های کشت شده و نوع سیستم ریشه‌ای آن‌ها است. در این تحقیق برهم کنش ریشه‌ای تیمار آمیخته به دلیل ایجاد آشیان‌های اکولوژیک مناسب‌تر موجب افزایش فعالیت و کارآیی اوره‌آز شده است. با این حال چون تراوش اوره‌آز در فواصل مختلف از یقه نهال هرگز معنی‌دار نبود، نتایج نشان‌دهنده عدم قطعیت تراوش مکانی اوره‌آز ریزوسفر است.
واژه‌های کلیدی: اوره‌آز، ریزوسفر، ریزوترون، پلت، بلندمازو

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Root Interaction of Chestnut-leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia) and Persian Maple (Acer velutinium) in Pure and Mixed planting on spatial Variability of Urease Enzymes Exudation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hashem Habashi 1
  • yasamin sharifpour 2
1 Associate professor / Forest science departmant, silviculture and forest ecology faculty, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, Gorgan, Iran.
2 Department of forest science, Faculty of silviculture and forest ecology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Science and Natural Resource, Gorgan, Iran/ Ph. D. Graduate
چکیده [English]

Effect of Root Interaction of Chestnut-leaved Oak (Quercus castaneifolia) and Persian Maple (Acer velutinium) in Pure and Mixed planting on spatial Variability of Urease Enzymes Exudation

Abstract
Background and objective: Root interactions are the most important factor that influence on enzymes exudations of plant roots in rhizosphere, that depending on root composition, species type and soil depth, so they have different spatial distribution. Further there were restricted researches to identify the spatial significance of forest species rhizosphere processes. Tree species have different rhizosphere regarding to root morphology and physiology as well as nutrients needs. The aim of this research is to examine spatial variability of urease enzymes exudation on rhizosphere of Chestnut-leaved Oak and Persian Maple in pure and mixed planting.
Material and methods: 18 modern rhizotrons were applied to study research goal that 12 Raster-Access-Ports placed in each rhizotron to get root exudates. These ports were in distinct depths and distances to calculating spatial variability of root enzymes exudations. Two lower depths (50 and 75 cm) were filled with mineral soil while two upper depths (15 and 30 cm) combined with litter (4% of weigth). One years old seedlings of Quercus castaneifolia and Acer velutinum were planted in four treatments of species composition including pure, mixed and control (without planting seedling). Soil sampling were collected 6 months after planting in different soil depth of rhizotrons and urease activity was determined by Kandeler method. Enzyme efficiency was calculated by subscripted enzyme activity in each place from corresponding amount of control (without root) and don't show catalytic efficiency.
Results: The results showed that urease exudation contents have significant differences in planting composition (p < 0.05) while the most amount of enzyme exudation revealed in the pure Oak and mixed planting and the lowest was in control. Spatial variability of urease activity only revealed significant difference on mixed planting treatment (p < 0.05). However spatial variability of enzyme efficiency was significant on pure maple and mixed planting treatments (p < 0.05). Urease exudation wasn't significant in different distances from seedlings collar with exception urease efficiency in pure oak planting treatment (p < 0.05).
Conclusion: The amount of spatial urease exudation more related to root density in different places so it is related to root interaction of planted seedlings and their root systems. This study revealed root interaction in mixed treatment result in more urease activity and efficiency because of more suitable ecological nich. Because root exudation in different distances from seedlings collar was never significant, so results showed non-confidence in spatial urease exudation.
Key words: Urease, Rhizosphere, Rhizotron, Maple, Oak.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Urease
  • Rhizosphere
  • Rhizotron
  • Maple
  • Oak
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