اثر میزبان‌های مختلف بر تغییرات متابولیت‌های ثانویه دارواش (Viscum album)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی/دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانشکده علوم جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان. ایران

چکیده

اثر میزبان‌های مختلف بر تغییرات متابولیت‌های ثانویه دارواش اروپایی (Viscum album L.)
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: دارواش‌ها گروهی قابل توجه و متنوع از نهاندانگان‌اند که انگل شاخه‌ها‌ محسوب شده و دارای طیف گسترده‌ای از میزبان‌ها بوده و محدوده پراکنش بسیار وسیعی در دنیا داشته و ترکیبات موثره‌‌ی زیادی در خود دارند. با توجه به اینکه مقدار و نوع این ترکیبات در گیاهان به عوامل بسیار زیاد محیطی و ژنتیکی وابسته است، در تحقیق حاضر اثر میزبان‌های مختلف شامل انجیلی، ممرز، توسکای قشلاقی و صنوبر بر تغییرات متابولیت‌های ثانویه فنل، فلاونوئید، خواص‌آنتی‌اکسیدانی، بتولین و بتولینیک اسید در دارواش اروپایی بررسی شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: نمونه برداری‌ برای این مطالعه آزمایشگاهی در اواخر شهریور ماه 94 از دارواش‌های میزبانی شده توسط گونه‌های انجیلی، صنوبر، ممرز و توسکا قشلاقی در 3 تکرار در نقاط پایین‌بند تا میان‌بند طرح جنگلداری دکتر بهرام‌نیا واقع در محدوده جنگل شصت ‌کلاته گرگان انجام و سپس نمونه‌ها خشک، آسیاب و عصاره‌گیری با سه حلال اتانول، متانول و استون صورت گرفت. پس از عصاره‌گیری، فرایند آزمایشات مورد نیاز طی شد و داده‌های بدست آمده با استفاده از نرم‌افزار SAS مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد میزبان‌های مختلف بر ترکیبات موثره‌ی دارواش اروپایی اثرات معناداری دارند. مطابق نتایج به دست آمده بیشترین میزان آنتی‌اکسیدان (03/93 درصد رادیکال آزاد) و فنل‌کل (45/4 میلی گرم برگرم وزن خشک) به ترتیب مربوط به عصاره اتانولی ساقه و برگ دارواش میزبانی شده توسط گونه انجیلی، و بیشترین میزان فلاونوئید ( 07/2 میلی‌گرم بر گرم وزن خشک) مربوط به عصاره اتانولی ساقه‌ی‌ دارواشی با میزبانی گونه صنوبر می‌باشد. بیشترین میزان بتولین (3/148 میلی گرم بر گرم) در برگ داروش موجود بر میزبان گونه ممرز اندازه‌گیری شد. بیشترین مقدار بتولینیک‌اسید 3/286 میلی‌گرم در میلی‌لیتر بود که در اندام ساقه‌ی دارواش با میزبانی گونه‌ی‌ صنوبر به دست آمد.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن است که درخت میزبان می‌تواند نقش کلیدی بر میزان ترکیبات فنلی و فلاونوئیدی و خواص آنتی اکسیدانی برگ و ساقه گیاه نیمه انگل دارواش بگذارد. از طرفی وجود این متابولیت‌های ثانویه با ارزش دارویی و حتی صنعتی در این گیاه لزوم توجه ویژه را بر این گونه باارزش مورد تاکید قرار می‌دهد. با توجه به اینکه دو ماده موثره ضد سرطانی بتولین و بتولینیک‌اسید به لحاظ دارویی ارزش زیاد و در عین حال قیمت بالایی دارند میتوان از دارواشهای میزبانی شده با ممرز و صنوبر بهره برد.
کلمات کلیدی: بتولین، بتولینیک اسید، متابولیت‌های ثانویه، میزبان‌های مختلف، Viscum album

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different hosts on mistletoe (Viscum album) secondary metabolites

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahideh Payamnoor 1
  • Halimeh Amirian 2
  • Farzaneh Razmjoo 3
1
2 Faculty of forest sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
3 Faculty of forest sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran
چکیده [English]

The effect of different hosts on secondary metabolites of European mistletoe (Viscum album L.)
Abstract
Background and Aim: The mistletoes are a significant and diverse group of nasogastric species, which are parasite and have a wide range of hosts and a very wide range of distribution areas in the world. They have high levels of effective compounds. considering the fact that the amount and type of these compounds in plants are highly dependent on environmental and genetic factors, the present study aims at the investigation of the effect of different hosts e.g Persian ironwood (Parrotia persica), hornbeam (Carpinus betulus), alder (Alnus glutinosa) and poplar (Populus euramericana) on the mistletoe secondary metabolites (phenol, flavonoids, antioxidants, Betulin and Betulinic acid) changes.
Materials and Methods: Sampling for this laboratory study was carried out in late September in mistletoe hosted by Persian ironwood, Poplar, Hornbeam and alder, this species in 3 replications in lower points to the middle of the forest of Dr. Bahramnia forestry plantation located in Shast Kalateh forest of Gorgan. Then, Samples were dried, milled and extracted with three ethanol, methanol and acetone solvents. After the extraction, the required test process was performed and the obtained data were analyzed using SAS software.
Results: The results showed that different hosts had significant effects on effective compounds of mistletoe. According to the results, the highest levels of antioxidant (95.03% free radical) and phenol (4.45 mg/g dry weight) were related to the stem acetonic extract and leaves ethanolic extract of mistletoes hosted by Persian ironwood, respectively and the highest amount of flavonoids 2.07 mg/g is related to the mistletoe stem ethanolic extract hosted by alder species. The highest amount of betulin (147.3 mg/ml) was measured in the mistletoe leaf hosted by hornbeam species. The highest amount of betulonic acid was found to be 347 mg/ml, which was obtained from the mistletoe stems hosted by the poplar species.
Conclusion: The results indicate that the host trees can play a key role in the amount of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant properties of leaf and stem of the mistletoe half-parasite. The presence of these secondary metabolites with medicinal and even industrial value in this plant emphasizes the need for special attention on this valuable species. Due to the fact that two effective anti-cancer agents of betulin and betulinic acid are important and highly costly drugs, the mistletoes hosted with hornbeam and poplar can be used.
Keywords: Betulin, Betulonic acid, Various hosts, Secondary metabolites, Viscum album

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Betulin
  • Betulonic acid
  • Various hosts
  • secondary metabolites
  • Viscum album

مراجع

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