الویت‌بندی عوامل تخریب رویشگاه‌های مورد (Myrtus Communis L.) و برآورد هزینه احیاء و بازسازی مساحت آسیب دیده با روش هزینه جایگزین (مورد: شهرستان دوره استان لرستان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

3 دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه لرستان

چکیده

الویت‌بندی عوامل تخریب رویشگاه‌های مورد (Myrtus Communis L.) و برآورد هزینه احیاء و بازسازی مساحت آسیب دیده با روش هزینه جایگزین (مورد: شهرستان دوره استان لرستان).
سابقه و هدف: برخلاف جنگل‌ های شمال کشور که تولید اصلی آنها چوب است، بارزترین محصول جنگل‌ های غرب کشور محصولات غیرچوبی آنهاست. این محصولات بخش عمده‌ای از نیازهای مردم زاگرس را تامین می‌کنند. مردم برای تامین معاش خود با طبیعت انس گرفته و در حد مقدورات خود توانسته‌اند این محصولات را حفظ کنند و کم‌و‌بیش در ابداع و نشر روش‌های حفظ، توسعه، احیا و بهره‌برداری آنها بکوشند، اما در برخی موارد برخلاف طبیعت حرکت کرده و خواسته یا ناخواسته موجب تخریب آنها می‌شوند. استان لرستان دارای 2000 گونه گیاهی می‌ باشد و از این تعداد 250 گونه گیاه دارویی است. از جمله این محصولات درختچه مورد می‌باشد که برگ و میوه و گل آن دارای ارزش دارویی می‌باشد که در صورت بهره‌برداری صحیح علمی می‌توان از این محصول بهره برد.
مواد و روش‌ها: مهمترین عوامل موثر در تخریب این گونه از دیدگاه کارشناسان، بهره‌برداران و اهالی بومی از طریق پرسشنامه مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. در مجموع 66 پرسشنامه از کارشناسان و 244 پرسشنامه از بهره‌برداران و اهالی بومی تکمیل شده و پاسخ‌ها پس از استخراج و دسته-بندی با آزمون دوجمله‌ای مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفته است.
یافته‌ها: در مجموع 7 عاملی که نقش تاثیرگذاری بر تخریب رویشگاه‌های مورد داشتند شناسایی شدند که از بین این 7 عامل، ضعف مدیریتی و برداشت توسط شرکت بهره‌بردار این گونه با میانگین 76/4 (94درصد افراد) و 42/4 (83درصد افراد) مهمترین عوامل تخریب رویشگاه‌های مورد شناخته شدند. متاسفانه شیوه‌های نادرست و نامناسب بهره‌برداری از گونه مورد و بهره‌برداری بیش از ظرفیت این گونه به ویژه در چند سال اخیر موجب بروز خسارات شدیدی به رویشگاه‌های این گونه شده است بنحوی که در ده سال اخیر نیمی از رویشگاه‌های این گونه در شهرستان دوره تخریب شده که هزینه احیاء و جایگزین شدن مجدد آنها 1.029.600.000 ریال برآورد گردید.
نتیجه‌گیری: هرچند موقعیت رویشگاه‌های فعلی مورد بعنوان یک تهدید جدی مطرح شده است، اما اگر این موقعیت با اتخاذ سیاست-های درست و فراهم کردن پشتیبانی‌های مالی و مدیریتی لازم برای اجرای موفق و لازم آن بدرستی تدبیر شود، می‌توان آنرا به فرصتی بدل کرد که موجب شکوفایی اقتصاد و بهبود شرایط اشتغال استان گردد. این فرصت شامل ترغیب روستائیان جهت کشت مورد با حمایت و پشتیبانی‌های مؤثر مالی و همه‌جانبه‌ی دولت برای ترویج و توسعه‌ی جنگلکاری‌های دست‌کاشت مورد می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Prioritizing the causes of habitat destruction (Myrtus Communis L.) and estimating restoration cost and reconstructing the affected area using replacement cost (case study: Doureh County, Lorestan province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Neda Amiri 1
  • Asghar Fallah 1
  • Seyed Fazlollah Emadian 2
  • Kamran Adeli 3
1
2 Gorgan Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University
3 Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University
چکیده [English]

Prioritizing the causes of habitat destruction (Myrtus Communis L.) and estimating restoration cost and reconstructing the affected area using replacement cost (case study: Doureh County, Lorestan province)

Abstract
Background and objectives: Unlike forests of North of the country which mainly produce wood, most notable products in the forests of West of the country are non-woody products. These products provide the bulk of the needs of the people in Zagros area. People have acclimated with nature to earn their living needs and have been able to maintain these products and more or less have created and published the methods of preservation, development, restoration, and utilization in these forests, but in some cases, have operated against nature and destroyed the nature either intentionally or unintentionally. Lorestan province comprises 2,000 plant species and among these, 250 species are medicinal plants. Among these products is myrtle shrub with leaf, fruit, and flower of medicinal value, and this product could be used with correct utilization. Unfortunately, inappropriate and improper utilization practices and excessive use of the species, especially in recent years, has caused serious damages to the habitat of this species, so that in the last ten years, about half of its habitats has been destroyed in Doureh County which its rehabilitation and replacement cost 1,029,600,000 Rials.
Materials and methods: The most important factors in the destruction of this species in the viewpoint of experts, farmers and local people have been examined through a questionnaire. A total of 66 were completed by experts and 244 questionnaires were completed by farmers and local people and after extraction and categorization the responses were analyzed by binomial test.
Results: In total, 7 factors were identified that have some influences on the habitat destruction, among which weak management and utilization by the company with an average of 4.76 (94% of respondents) and 4.42 (83% of respondents), respectively, were defined as the most important factors causing habitat destruction.
Conclusion: However, the current situation of the myrtle sites has been presented as a serious threat, if this situation is defined correctly by adopting the right policies and providing financial and administrative support necessary for the successful implementation, it could be turned into an opportunity causing the economic prosperity and improvement in employment conditions of the province. This opportunity includes encouraging local people to plant myrtle with effective financial support by the government to promotion and development of the man-made plantation of myrtle species.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • NTFPs
  • Myrtle
  • Destruction factors
  • Replacement cost
  • Promotion and development
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