تأثیر انواع کاربری‌های زمین بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و ترسیب کربن خاک حاشیه رودخانه کرخه

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

2 استاد ، گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری، ایران.

3 استاد ، گروه علوم و مهندسی جنگل دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

4 دانشیار ، گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران.

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: جنگل‌های کران‌رودی با وجود اشغال فضای نسبتا کوچک، پتانسیل ترسیب کربن بیشتر و سریعتر را داشته، کانون-های تنوع زیستی بوده و خدمات ارزشمند اکوسیستمی متعددی را ارائه می‌دهند. جنگل‌های کران‌رودی بر الگوهای تنوع زیستی گیاهی، ویژگی‌های خاک و کیفیت زیستگاه نیز تأثیر می‌گذارند. جنگل‌های کران‌رودی با وجود دارا بودن ارزش‌های محیط‌زیستی و حفاظتی بالا تا کنون به عنوان پوشش‌های جنگلی کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند و اغلب مطالعات مربوط به الگوی پراکنش گونه-ها و ویژگی‌های جامعه جانوری خاک ‌آنها بود. هدف پژوهش حاضر، بررسی تأثیر انواع کاربری‌های زمین بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و ترسیب کربن خاک حاشیه رودخانه کرخه بود.
مواد و روش‌ها: در این تحقیق، اثر کاربری‌های جنگل‌ طبیعی، جنگلکاری، کشاورزی و اراضی بایر در حاشیه رودخانه کرخه بر برخی مشخصه‌های فیزیک و شیمیایی و ترسیب کربن خاک انجام شد. بدین ترتیب که با روش تصادفی، تعداد 30 نقطه در هر کاربری‌ انتخاب و نمونه‌‌های خاک از عمق 20-0 سانتی‌متر در مرکز هر قطعه برداشت شدند. مشخصه‌های درصد رطوبت، بافت، جرم مخصوص ظـاهری، pH، هـدایت الکتریکی، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل، پتاسیم و فسفر قابل جذب و کربنات کلسیم در آزمایـشگاه انـدازه‌گیـری و میزان ترسیب کربن محاسبه شد. داده‌ها با استفاده از آنالیز واریانس یک طرفه (ANOVA) و آزمون مقایسه میانگین SNK مورد تحلیل قرار گرفتند. کلیه تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری با استفاده از نرم افزار SAS 9 انجام شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد که کاربری زراعی با 45/18 درصد رس، جنگل طبیعی و کاربری کشاورزی به ترتیب با 29/46 و 92/43 درصد سیلت و کاربری جنگلکاری و اراضی بایر به ترتیب با 47/60 و 86/56 درصد شن اختلاف معنی‌داری را نشان دادند. جرم مخصوص ظاهری طی تغییر کاربری جنگل افزایش یافت. بیشترین مقدار هدایت الکتریکی با 17/3 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر در اراضی بایر مشاهد شد که افزایش 35/71 درصدی نسبت به جنگل طبیعی داشت. در کاربری زراعی پتاسیم قابل جذب با کاهش 04/62 درصدی نسبت به جنگل طبیعی به کمترین میزان رسید. با توجه به نتایج، تغییر کاربری دارای تاثیر معنی‌دار و کاهشی بر میزان ترسیب کربن بوده، بطوری‌که جنگل‌طبیعی با 37/63 تن در هکتار بیشترین مقدار ترسیب کربن را داشته و کمترین ذخیره کربن مربوط به کاربری کشاورزی با 53/41 تن در هکتار بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی جنگل‌های کران رودی از کیفیت و ترسیب کربن خاک بیشتری برخوردار بوده و تغییر کاربری موجب آسیب این رویشگاه‌ها می‌شود. بررسی ترسیب کربن در اکوسیستم‌های ساحلی ممکن است به تعیین شرایط پایه کمک کرده و می-تواند برای تقویت طرح‌های احیا یا پرداختن به تأثیر تغییرات آب و هوایی بر ذخایر کربن در این نواحی مورد استفاده قرار بگیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different types of land use on the physical, chemical and carbon deposition characteristics of the soil along the Karkhe River

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fatemeh Alidadi 1
  • Mohammad Hojjati 2
  • Mohammdreza Pourmajidian 3
  • Yahya Kooch 4
1 Dept. Forest science and engineering, Sari agriculture science and natural resources university
2 sari
3 sari
4 tarbat modares university
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: despite occupying a relatively small space, the border forests have the potential to accumulate more and faster carbon, are centers of biodiversity and provide many valuable ecosystem services. Riverine forests also affect plant biodiversity patterns, soil characteristics, and habitat quality. Despite having high environmental and conservation values, the riverine forests have been paid less attention as forest covers, and most of the studies related to the distribution pattern of species and characteristics of the animal community It was their soil. The aim of this research was to investigated the effect of different types of land use on the physical, chemical and carbon deposition characteristics of the soil along the Karkhe River.
Materials and methods: In this research, the effect of natural forest uses, forestry, agriculture and barren lands on the banks of the Karkheh River on some physical and chemical characteristics and soil carbon deposition was done. Thus, by random method, 30 points were selected in each field and soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-20 cm in the center of each plot. The characteristics of moisture percentage, texture, specific gravity, pH, electrical conductivity, organic carbon, total nitrogen, absorbable potassium and phosphorus, and calcium carbonate were calculated in the measuring laboratory and the amount of carbon deposition. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and SNK mean comparison test. All statistical analyzes were performed using SAS 9 software.
Findings: The results showed that agricultural use with 18.45% clay, natural forest and agricultural use with 46.29 and 43.92% silt, respectively, and forestry and barren land use with 60.47 and 56.86% sand, respectively. They showed a significant difference. Apparent specific mass increased during forest use change. The highest value of electrical conductivity with 3.17 decisiemens/meter was observed in barren lands, which had an increase of 71.35% compared to the natural forest. In agricultural use, absorbable potassium reached the lowest level with a decrease of 62.04% compared to the natural forest. According to the results, the change of use has a significant and decreasing effect on the amount of carbon sequestration, so that the natural forest has the highest amount of carbon sequestration with 63.37 tons per hectare, and the lowest carbon storage related to agricultural use with 41.53 tons. It was per hectare.
Conclusion: In general, the forests along the river have more quality and soil carbon deposition, and the change of land use causes damage to these habitats. Investigating carbon sequestration in coastal ecosystems may help determine baseline conditions and can be used to strengthen restoration plans or address the impact of climate change on carbon stocks in these areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • coastal forests
  • carbon sequestration
  • land use change
  • greenhouse gases
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