The effect of application of soil amendments along with inoculation with root symbiotic fungi on the growth of eucalyptus seedlings and soil phosphatase enzyme activity

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Master's degree in Soil Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

2 Graduate Master degree of soil biology and biotechnology, soil science group, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Eucalyptus is an industrial and economic plant that is used for purposes such as wood and fiber production and is often cultivated in the south of the country. The faster and more rapid growth of eucalyptus seedlings in a period of time can be economically beneficial for producers. Therefore, it is very important to use of soil amendments and root symbiotic fungi for better growth of eucalyptus seedlings. Phosphorus is one of the very important nutritional elements that has been neglected in eucalyptus cultivation. In many studies, the positive effect of triple superphosphate or direct use of apatite powder in providing phosphorus to plants has been seen in most plants. Also, some soil amendments such as zeolite, due to improving soil properties, and some biofertilizers such as root symbiotic fungi, affect the amount of soil absorbable phosphorus and phosphorus uptake by the plant. Less attention has been paid to this issue regarding eucalyptus, especially in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of zeolite, apatite, triple superphosphate, and inoculation with root symbiotic fungi on eucalyptus seedling growth and phosphorus uptake, as well as on some biological properties of the soil.
Materials and Methods: In this study, eucalyptus seedlings, Eucalyptus camaldulensis species, were prepared and after opening the pot, the soil attached to the roots was removed as much as possible, and then the seedlings were weighed and planted in new pots with the treatments applied. The treatments included modifiers (control, triple superphosphate 150 kg ha-1, 5% apatite by weight and 3% zeolite by weight) and inoculation with symbiotic fungi (no inoculation (control), inoculation with Glomus etunicatum and inoculation with Serendipita indica) as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications, and the pots were kept in a greenhouse. After six months, the plants were harvested and the rate of increase in seedling growth and phosphorus uptake by the plant, as well as some soil properties, were examined. Plant chlorophyll, soil Olsen phosphorus, acid and alkaline phosphatase enzyme activities (using paranitrophenyl phosphate substrate), as well as microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass phosphorus were measured.
Results: The results showed that the application of modifiers improved plant growth on average (1.5 and 1.14 % increases in shoot and root weight, respectively, compared to the control), and the application of symbiotic fungi also increased plant growth (1.2 and 4.5 % increase in shoot and root weight, respectively, compared to the control). The application of modifiers combined with symbiotic fungi increased leaf chlorophyll (an average of 7.5 % increase compared to the control), phosphorus absorption by the plant shoot (46.2 %), microbial biomass carbon (13.9 %), microbial biomass phosphorus (15.7 %), and soil Olsen phosphorus (6.3 %). The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes decreased with the application of apatite and triple superphosphate (on average 3.24 and 1.73 % for acid and alkaline phosphatase, respectively), but they increased significantly with the application of zeolite (3.78 and 1.99 percent). The use of symbiotic fungi increased the activity of phosphatase enzymes and also improved plant growth parameters and soil biological properties, but for most of the parameters, no significant difference was observed between the two fungi.
Conclusion: The use of triple superphosphate and apatite had similar results in the growth of eucalyptus seedlings, so if phosphorus is needed, it is recommended to use apatite, which has less environmental pollution and is cheaper. The use of zeolite along with inoculation with symbiotic fungi gave the best response and is recommended for better growth of eucalyptus seedlings and improvement of soil properties.

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Main Subjects

References

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Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology
Volume 31, Issue 3
October 2024
Pages 97-116

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