Investigation of independent and combined effects of refining and additives on the properties of office deinked paper

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PhD student, Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.

2 Associate Professor, Department of Wood Science and its Products Research, National Forestry and Pasture Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization, Tehran, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives
Paper recycling currently is considered one of the most important solutions for the environmental and sustainable production of paper products. In addition to reducing the consumption of various resources such as water, energy, and virgin fibers using this process, the paper recycling rate is continuously increasing in different countries due to less pollution. Most of the recycled paper is usually used to produce packaging paper and board. Paper and paperboard should not only possess dry-strength, but also must be able to provide the required strength at wet condition for the packaging of products that need to be kept in the cold and freezer condition. For this purpose, different procedures such as refining and additives can be used. This research investigates the independent effect of each factor as well their interaction effect in order to improve the characteristics of office deinked pulp (DIP) for producing packaging paperboard.
Materials and Methods
DIP was obtained from Latif Paper Company. After refining the pulp to SR = 30, additives including cationic corn starch (at the levels of 1, 1.4, 2, and 3w%), wet strength resin (at the levels of 1, 2, and 3w%), and AKD (at the levels of 1, 2, and 3w%) were separately added to the pulp suspension based on the dry weight of pulp in order to manufacture handsheets with the basic weight of 120 g/m2. In order to compare and determine the effect of optimum treatment of the additives on the treated pulp, tests i.e. water absorption, tensile strength, burst and tear strength of the handsheets, as well as wet strength retention and absolute wet strength retention were measured. The relative retention strength was measured after determining the independent effect of each treatment on the tensile strength, burst, and tear strength of handsheets in both wet and dry conditions. The effect of optimal combination treatment on the characteristics of handsheets was investigated and compared, when the optimal values of each independent treatment were determined.
Results
The independent effect of refining on the strength of handsheets made from DIP is statistically significant in the dry conditions. The results indicated that using 2w% cationic corn starch in the refined pulp could induce better performance in the term of increasing the strength of handsheets in dry conditions, specifically the tear strength, compared to the independent refining factor. Using wet strength resin and AKD also represented a significant increase in the strength of handsheets in the wet conditions and also a significant decrease in the water absorption compared to the control sample, respectively. Using of refining and optimal combination treatment of additives including 2w% cationic corn starch, 3w% wet strength resin, and 1w% AKD simultaneously caused a significant improvement in the wet and dry strength, and water absorption of handsheets.
Conclusions
All the properties of the handsheets were improved with the applying of optimal combination treatment including the refining of DIP and adding additives at the same time compared to the control sample, so it could be used for the packaging of products that should be stored in the refrigerator and freezer. The strengths of handsheets in the dry conditions are superior compared to the standard strength of bleached kraft paper according to the Iran national standard no. 2875 except for tear strength. The measurement of absolute relative retention wet strength demonstrated that the performance of the combination treatment is very suitable compared to other previous research reports. The combination treatment significantly has reduced the paper water absorption by 22 g/m2, which is suitable for paper storage in the freezer.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.Schier, F., Morland, C., Dieter, M., & Weimar, H. (2021). Estimating supply and demand elasticities of dissolving pulp, lignocellulose-based chemical derivatives and textile fibres in an emerging forest-based bioeconomy. Forest Policy and Economics, 126p.
2.Francolini, I., Galantini, L., Rea, F., Di Cosimo, C., & Di Cosimo, P. (2023). Polymeric Wet-strength agents in the paper industry: an overview of mechanisms and current challenges. International J. of Molecular Sciences. 24, 9268.
3.Ghasemian, A., Resalati, H., & Sadeghi, L. (2009). The influence of mixed office waste DIP on the mechanical and optical properties of writing and printing paper.
4.Ghasemian, A., & Khalili, A. (2011). Principle and methods of paper recycle. Tehran. [In Persian]
5.Habibie, S., Hamzah, M., Anggaravidya, M., & Kalembang, E. (2016). The effect of chitosan on physical and mechanical properties of paper. J. of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science. 7 (1), 1-10.
6.Tajik, M., Torshizi, H. J., Resalati, H., & Hamzeh, Y. (2018). Effects of cationic starch in the presence of cellulose nanofibrils on structural, optical and strength properties of paper from soda bagasse pulp. Carbohydrate polymers. 194, 1-8.
7.Gharehkhani, S., Sadeghinezhad, E., Kazi, S. N., Yarmand, H., Badarudin, A., Safaei, M. R., & Zubir, M. N. M. (2015). Basic effects of pulp refining on fiber properties-A review. Carbohydrate polymers. 115, 785-803.
8.Bhardwaj, S., Bhardwaj, N. K., & Negi, Y. S. (2016). Effect of chitosan and cationic starch as wet-end additives to enhance the strength properties of paperboard using OCC recycled pulp. IPPTA-The Official International J.28 (4), 164-172.
9.Lindström, T., Wågberg, L., & Larsson, T. (2005). September. On the nature of joint strength in paper-A review of dry and wet strength resins used in paper manufacturing. In 13th fundamental research symposium (1, 457-562). Cambridge, UK: The Pulp and Paper Fundamental Research Society.
10.Grigoriev, V., Strengell, K., Virtanen, M., & Hietaniemi, M. (2012). Strength chemistry for board and tissue production: Scientific outlook and end applications.
11.Dash, S., & Swain, S.K. (2013). Synthesis of thermal and chemical resistant oxygen barrier starch with reinforcement of nano silicon carbide. Carbohydrate polymers. 97 (2), 758-763.
12.Yoon, S. Y., & Deng, Y. (2006). Clay–starch composites and their application in papermaking. J. of Applied Polymer Science. 100 (2), 1032-1038.
13.Grommers, H. E., Van der Krogt, D. A., Miller, J., & Whistler, R. (2009). Starch: Chemistry and Technology. Elsevier Inc. 511, p.539.
14.Husić, E., & Botonjić, S. (2023). Effect of addition of wet-strength agent on tensile strength of paper. JST&M J.
4, 30-35.
15.Chan, L. L. (1994). Wet-strength resins and their application. Tappi Pr.
16.Delgado-Aguilar, M., Tarrés Farrés, J. A., Puig Serramitja, J., Boufi, S., Blanco, Á., & Mutjé Pujol, P. (2015). Enzymatic refining and cellulose nanofiber addition in papermaking processes from recycled and deinked slurries. © Bioresources. 10 (3), 5730-5743.
17.Delgado-Aguilar, M., González, I., Pèlach, M. A., De La Fuente, E., Negro, C., & Mutjé, P. (2015). Improvement of deinked old newspaper/old magazine pulp suspensions by means of nanofibrillated cellulose addition. Cellulose. 22: 789-802.
18.Habibi, S., Ghasemian, A., Saraiean, A.H., & Ressalati, H. (2013). Improving the properties of Populus alba CMP
pulp by using MOW deinked pulp. J. of Wood and Forest Science and Technology. 20 (1), 19-34.
19.Ziadzadeh, A., Jahan, L. A., Faezipour, M., & Pirjani, A. (2008). Properties of tissue paper from deinked old newspaper and mixed office waste. PAJOUHESH-VA-SAZANDEGI. 21 (3), 94-99. [In Persian]
20.Soltani, F., Ghasemian, A., Saraeeyan, A. R., & Resalati, H. (2013). The effect of old magazine (OMG) deinked pulp on the properties of populus deltoides CMP pulp. J. of Wood and Forest Science and Technology. 20 (1), 79-91.
21.Liu, J., Yang, R., & Yang, F. (2015). Effect of the starch source on the performance of cationic starches having similar degree of substitution for papermaking using deinked pulp. BioResources, 10 (1), 922-931.
22.Liu, H., Yano, H., & Abe, K. (2023). Reinforcement of dry and wet paper sheets by cellulose nanofibers. Cellulose. 30 (1), 211-222.
23.Jeong-Heon, R., Chul-Hwan K., Ji-Young L., Ji-Su L., Cheong-Ha L., & Jin-Hwa P. (2022). Study of refining effect of mixed pulps using refiner plates with different bar patterns. MDPI J.s, Applied Sciences. 12 (22). https://doi.org/10.3390/app122211445.
24.Soleimani, R., Asadpour, G., & Resaleti, H. (2015). The effect of using cationic starch on increasing old corrugated container dewatering and strength properties, collection of papers of first national conference of wood and lignocellulosic materials, May, gonbad kavous university. [In Persian]
25.Ghaffari, M., Ghasemian, A., Resalati, H., & Asadpour, G. (2012). Determination of the optimum use of cationic starch on the basis of the mechanical strengths of mixed OCC and virgin NSSC pulps. Iranian J. of Wood and Paper Industries. 2 (2), 121-133. [In Persian]
26.Kirwan, M. J. (2012). Handbook of paper and paperboard packaging technology. John Wiley & Sons. 432p.
Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology
Volume 30, Issue 3
October 2023
Pages 149-147

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics