Effect of Combined Heat Treatment/Densification on Mechanical Properties of Poplar Wood Impregnated with epoxidized soybean oil

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 Master's student, Department of Wood and Cellulosic Products Engineering, Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Sari, Iran.

2 Sari University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

3 Assistant professor/ Sari agriculture and natural resources university

4 Associate Professor, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran

Abstract

Background and objectives: Densification is a mechanical modifying method to improve the mechanical properties of cultivated fast growing woods. A prevalent approach to overcome the set recovery obstacle of densified wood is heat treatment which causes decrease of mechanical properties. Heat treatment with plant functionalized oil, due to reaction of functional groups of oil with hydroxyl groups of wood, leads to an improvement of physical and mechanical properties of wood. The objective of the present research was to compensate the loss of mechanical properties through combination of densification and heat treatment in epoxidized soybean oil.
Materials and methods: In the present study, fast grown poplar wood was impregnated with raw and epoxidized soybean oil and then densified to a compression set of 30 percent. The epoxidized oil impregnated/ densified wood samples were heat treated in an oven at 180 oC for four hours and the mechanical properties of both densified and non-densified samples, impregnated with the raw and epoxidized oil were investigated comparatively.
Results: calculation of oil uptake values of raw and epoxidized soybean oil in densified and non-densified samples showed that in non-densified sample, epoxidized oil had nearly twofold uptake compared to the raw one, because of its higher polarity and higher penetrating ability. Densification led to a considerable removal of oil in both level; however epoxidized oil in densified sample had higher uptake compared to the raw one. Results of mechanical properties showed heat treatment in raw and epoxidized oil caused a 97 and 7 percent loss of flexural strength respectively. Heat treatment of densified wood with raw and epoxidized oil cause a 96 and 20 percent decrease in hardness values compared to the non-heat treated ones. Heat treating of densified wood in epoxidized oil medium led to a decrease of flexibility and impact strength as well.
Conclusion: Wood impregnation with epoxidized oil, because of its permeation into the cell wall, led to a considerable decrease of flexural strength and hardness; however densification further increased these strengths. Heat treatment of epoxidized impregnated samples after densification led to a lower decrease of flexural strength and hardness, as compared to raw oil impregnated samples, however this effect was not observed for impact strength. Generally, heat treatment in epoxidized soy bean oil could be recommended as an effective method for decreasing the spring back and water absorption of densified wood which led to a lower reduction of mechanical strength as well.

Keywords

Main Subjects

References

1.Ulker, O., & Hiziroglu, S. (2017). Some properties of densified eastern red-Cedar as function of heat and treatment. Materials. 10 (11), 1275-1289.
2.Dwianto, W., Morooka, T., Norimoto, M., & Kitajima, T. (1999). Stress relaxation of Sugi (Cryptomeria japonica D. Don) wood in radial compression under high-temperature steam. Holzforschung. 53, 541-546.
3.Hill, C. A. S. (2006). Wood modification: Chemical, thermal and other processes. Wiley, Series in renewable resources. Wiley and Sons: Chichester, Sussex, 262p.
4.Morsing, N. (2000). Densification of wood: the influence of hygrothermal treatment on compression of beech perpendicular to the grain. PhD Thesis. Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby.
5.Ghorbani, M., Nikkhah Shahmirzadi, A., & Toopa, A. (2020). Effect of densification on the practical properties of chemical and thermal modified poplar wood. Iranian J. of Wood and Paper Industries. 11 (2), 185-197. [In Persian]
6.Asadi Khorramabadi, L., Khazaeian, A., Masteri Farahani, M., & Shakeri, A. (2014). Effect of heat treatment with modified soybean oil on mechanical properties of beech wood. Iranian J. of Wood and Paper Science Research.29 (2), 208-219. [In Persian]
7.Tjeerdsma, B. F., Swager, P., Horstman, B., Holleboom, W., & Homan, J. (2005). Process development of treatment of wood with modified hot oil. European Conference on Wood Modification. Göttingen. Germany, Pp: 1-10.
8.Mohammadi, M., Shakeri, A., & Asghari, J. (2012). Epoxidation of Soybean Oil and Canola Oil. J. of applied chemistry.
7 (24), 53-62. [In Persian]
9.Ghasemi, M., Dastoorian, F., Abedini, R., & Amininasab, S. M. (2020). Effect of poplar wood impregnation with epoxidized soybean oil on the set recovery, Iranian J. of Wood and Paper Industries. 11 (3), 381-394. [In Persian]
10.Jebrane, M., Fernández-Cano, V., Panov, D., Terziev, N., & Daniel, G. (2015). Novel hydrophobization of wood by epoxidized linseed oil. Part 2. Characterization by FTIR spectroscopy and SEM, and determination of mechanical properties and field test performance. Holzforschung, 69 (2), 179-186.
11.Demirel, G. K., Temiz, A., Demirel, S., Jebrane, M., Terziev, N., Gezer, E. D., & Ertas, M. (2016). Dimensional stability and mechanical properties of epoxidized vegetable oils as wood preservatives. Second COST Action FP1407 International Conference, Brno, Czech Republic. Pp: 49-50.
12.Firestone, D. (1980). Official Methods and Recommended Practices, AOCS Press, Champaign, Methods Ca 3a-63, Cd 8-53, Cd 1-25, and Cd 9-57.
13.Standard test methods for small clear specimens of timber. Annual Book of ASTM Standard ASTM-D143, 2009.
14.EN 1534. (2000). E. Wood and parquet flooring-Determination of resistance to indentation (Brinell)-Test method. European Standard CEN 2000.
15.Avila, C.B., Escobar, W. G., Cloutier, A., Fang, Ch., & Carrasco, P. V. (2011). Densification of wood veneers combined with oil-heat treatment. Part 3: Cell wall mechanical properties determined by nanoindentation. Bioresources. 7 (2), 1525-1532.
16.Terziev, N., & Panov, D. (2010). Plant oils as green substances for wood protection. Ecowood: Minimizing the environmental impact of the forest products industries. Porto, Portugal, Pp: 143-149.
17.Fang, Ch., Cloutier, A., Blanchet, P., & Koubae, A. (2012). Densification of wood veneers combined with oil-heat treatment. Part 2: Hygroscopicity and mechanical properties. Bioresources.6 (1), 925-935.
Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology
Volume 30, Issue 2
July 2023
Pages 125-137

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics