Investigating the possibility of implementing apiculture and aquaculture economic activities for the development of rural communities in Shafarood forests of Gilan province

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University

2 Assistant Professor, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

3 Assistant Professor, Pasture and Watershed Department, Faculty of Natural Resources, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.

Abstract

Background and objectives: As one of the most important systems of human life, the forest has an undeniable place in ensuring the well-being and comfort of humans. Based on the forest strategy of Global Bank, it is mentioned that More than 1.6 billion People in the world depend on the forest in various ways to provide their livelihood. A common political debate about development and the environment is that the poor are both the cause and the victim of environmental destruction. The interpretation of this narrative for the forest shows it shows that the reduction of poverty can reduce the pressure on forest resources and the preservation and development of forest resources can help reduce poverty. Accordingly, in this research, the condition of the forests of Shafarood watershed in Gilan province for The implementation of two income-generating activities of apiculture and aquaculture, in order to create economic prosperity for rural communities and other beneficiaries dependent on the forests of this area, and at the same time preserving these forests based on the prioritization of criteria and sub criteria.
Materials and methods: Shafarood basin with an area of 36,657 hectares is located in the west of Gilan province, between the cities of Rezvanshahr and Pare-Sar and east of Talash highlands. In order to determine the appropriate economic use of rural communities in Shafarood forest and to identify the main criteria for each of the desired economic activities, observation, interview and questionnaire techniques were used from 55 experts which are selected randomly. In the current research, a questionnaire was used in three stages to complete the process, and the data obtained from the questionnaires related to criteria and sub-criteria were analyzed by the method of pairwise comparisons, which were use the GIS software in order to obtain the optimal spatial map of each economic activity.
Results: According to the results, in the apiculture, the criteria of plant diversity, temperature, and the number of trees per hectare, and in the aquaculture, the criteria of distance from the river, distance from the spring, and temperature were recognized as the most important factors for the development of these chains. Based on the opinion of experts for apiculture, the sub-criteria of humid climate with a final score of 0.03 had the highest score while the high investment capacity and the distance from dirt roads, both with a final score of 0.24 0 were also important. For the aquaculture, humid climate sub-criteria with a final score of 0.03 was the most important and the high investment capacity with a final score of 0.029 and a distance of less than 500 meters from the river with a final score of 0.026 were in the second and third place. The results also showed that 22.13% of the entire area (8063.31 hectares) and 14.41% of the entire area (5249.9 hectares) can be used for apiculture and aquaculture, respectively. The results can be used for economic development in Shafarood forests.
Conclusion: According to the findings of this research in relation to the effective criteria and also the rural population present in this watershed, a relatively suitable area for each economic activity is determined. It is necessary for the forest managers to develop the rural communities based on finding the other sources of income from forest which should be paid attention to it.

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References

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Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology
Volume 30, Issue 1
March 2023
Pages 1-22

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