Daily and seasonal changes of soil respiration under the influence of temperature and moisture factors in different types of oak

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Forestry Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran

2 lorestan

3 Department of Soil Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Soil respiration is carbon dioxide emission from soil surface which controls the primary carbon cycle in ecosystems. Recently, soil respiration has become an important ecological process in the global carbon balance and has an important impact on global climate change. Measuring soil respiration is important for quantifying the CO2 flux from soils to the atmosphere. The aim of this study is to compare the soil respiration rate at different hours of the day between five forest types (Pure Quercus infectoria) (Quercus infectoria-Quercus libani) (Pure Quercus libani) (Quercus libani- Quercus brantii- Quercus infectoria) (Quercus libani- Quercus infectoria) in the four seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and to identify the effect of environmental factors (temperature and moisture) that cause changes in soil respiration rate were analyzed by using different models. Also, the correlation between respiration and soil chemical properties was evaluated.
Materials and methods: The five dominant forest types of the region were selected after forest walking and review of resources, and samples of 20 x 20 square meters were selected in each types of plot (so that it is representative of the desired types). In order to measure soil respiration, 8 PVC pipes with specific size and diameter were installed at a depth of 5 cm in the selected sample piece and measured using Anderson's method at different hours of the day. Soil temperature and moisture were recorded with a thermometer and a TDR device, respectively, simultaneously with the measurement of soil respiration. In order to conduct chemical tests, 5 soil samples from each type were taken in the growing season and transferred to the laboratory.
Background and Objectives: Soil respiration is carbon dioxide emission from soil surface which controls the primary carbon cycle in ecosystems. Recently, soil respiration has become an important ecological process in the global carbon balance and has an important impact on global climate change. Measuring soil respiration is important for quantifying the CO2 flux from soils to the atmosphere. The aim of this study is to compare the soil respiration rate at different hours of the day between five forest types (Pure Quercus infectoria) (Quercus infectoria-Quercus libani) (Pure Quercus libani) (Quercus libani- Quercus brantii- Quercus infectoria) (Quercus libani- Quercus infectoria) in the four seasons of the year (spring, summer, autumn, and winter) and to identify the effect of environmental factors (temperature and moisture) that cause changes in soil respiration rate were analyzed by using different models. Also, the correlation between respiration and soil chemical properties was evaluated.
Materials and methods: The five dominant forest types of the region were selected after forest walking and review of resources, and samples of 20 x 20 square meters were selected in each types of plot (so that it is representative of the desired types). In order to measure soil respiration, 8 PVC pipes with specific size and diameter were installed at a depth of 5 cm in the selected sample piece and measured using Anderson's method at different hours of the day. Soil temperature and moisture were recorded with a thermometer and a TDR device, respectively, simultaneously with the measurement of soil respiration. In order to conduct chemical tests, 5 soil samples from each type were taken in the growing season and transferred to the laboratory.
Results: The highest amount of soil respiration during the day was observed at 14:00 in the afternoon, also the Pure Libani type showed the highest rate of soil respiration with an average

Keywords

References

1.Yu, H., Chen, Y., Zhou, G., and Xu, Z. 2022. Coordination of leaf functional traits under climatic warming in an arid ecosystem. BMC plant biology. 22: 1. 1-15.
2.Kumar, A., Bhattacharya, T., Mukherjee, S., and Sarkar, B. 2022. A perspective on biochar for repairing damages in the soil–plant system caused by climate change-driven extreme weather events. Biochar. 4: 1. 1-23.
3.Shi, K., Chen, Y., Yu, B., Xu, T., Chen, Z., and Liu, R. 2016. Modeling spatiotemporal CO2 (carbon dioxide) emission dynamics in China from DMSP-OLS nighttime stable light data using panel data analysis. Applied Energy. 168: 523-33.
4.Wu, F., Peng, C., Liu, W., Liu, Z., Wang, H., and Chen, D. 2021. Effects of Nitrogen Additions on Soil Respiration in an Asian Tropical Montane Rainforest. Forests. 12: 6. 802.
5.Chen, S., Wang, J., Zhang, T., and Hu, Z. 2020. Climatic, soil, and vegetation controls of the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration across terrestrial biomes. Global Ecology and Conservation. pp. 1-22.
6.Shi, P., Qin, Y., Liu, Q., Zhu, T., Li, Z., and Li, P. 2020. Soil respiration and response of carbon source changes to vegetation restoration in the Loess Plateau, China. Science of the Total Environment. 707: 135507.
7.Wertin, TM., Young, K., and Reed, SC. 2018. Spatially explicit patterns in a dryland's soil respiration and relationships with climate, whole plant photosynthesis and soil fertility. Oikos. 127: 9. 1280-90.
8.Li, Y., Lin, S., Chen, Q., Ma, X., Wang, S., and He, K. 2022. Response of soil respiration to environmental and photosynthetic factors in different subalpine forest-cover types in a loess alpine hilly region. J. of Forestry Research. 33: 2. 653-65.
9.Dong, L., Zeng, W., Wang, A., Tang, J., Yao, X., and Wang, W. 2020. Response of soil respiration and its components to warming and dominant species removal along an elevation gradient in alpine meadow of the Qinghai–Tibetan plateau. Environmental Science & Technology. 54: 17. 10472-82.
10.Hosseiniaghdam, E. 2021. Quantifying the combined effect of abiotic factors on the decomposition of organic matter in semiarid grassland soils: The University of Nebraska-Lincoln.
11.Silletta, LC., Cavallaro, A., Kowal, R., Pereyra, DA., Silva, RA., and Arias, NS. 2019. Temporal and spatial variability in soil CO2 efflux in the Patagonian steppe. Plant and Soil. 444: 1. 165-76.
12.Čater, M., Darenova, E., and Simončič, P. 2021. Harvesting intensity and tree species affect soil respiration in uneven-aged Dinaric forest stands. Forest Ecology and Management. 480: 118638.
13.Zheng, S., Zhao, X., Sun, Z., Li, J., Jing, Y., and Wang, Q. 2022. Carbon addition modified the response of heterotrophic respiration to soil sieving in ectomycorrhizal-dominated forests. Forests. 13: 8. 1263.
14.Shang, R., Li, S., Huang, X., Liu, W., Lang, X., and Su, J. 2021. Effects of soil properties and plant diversity on soil microbial community composition and diversity during secondary succession. Forests. 12: 6. 805.
15.Garvey, S.M., Templer, P.H., Pierce, E.A., Reinmann, A.B., and Hutyra, L.R.2022. Diverging patterns at the forest edge: Soil respiration dynamics of fragmented forests in urban and rural areas. Global Change Biology. 28: 9. 3094-109.
16.Marzolf, N.S., Small, G.E., Oviedo-Vargas, D., Ganong, C.N., Duff, J.H., and Ramírez, A. 2022. Partitioning inorganic carbon fluxes from paired O2–CO2 gas measurements in a Neotropical headwater stream, Costa Rica. Biogeochemistry. 160: 2. 259-273.
17.Zhang, G., Zhou, G., Zhou, X., Zhou, L., Shao, J., and Liu, R. 2022. Effects of tree mycorrhizal type on soil respiration and carbon stock via fine root biomass and litter dynamic in tropical plantations. J. of Plant Ecology.
18.Xing, A., Du, E., Shen, H., Xu, L., Zhao, M., and Liu, X. 2022. High‐ level nitrogen additions accelerate soil respiration reduction over time in a boreal forest. Ecology Letters. 25: 8. 1869-1878.
19.Ma, M., Zang, Z., Xie, Z., Chen, Q., Xu, W., and Zhao, C. 2019. Soil respiration of four forests along elevation gradient in northern subtropical China. Ecology and evolution. 9: 22. 12846-1257.
20.Khosravi, S., Maleknia, R., and Khedrizadeh, M. 2017. Understanding the contribution of non-timber forest products to the livelihoods of forest dwellers in the northern Zagros in Iran. Small-scale Forestry. 16: 2. 235-248.
21.Ghazanfari, H., Namiranian, M., Sobhani, H., and Mohajer, R.M. 2004. Traditional forest management and its application to encourage public participation for sustainable forest management in the northern Zagros Mountains of Kurdistan Province,
Iran. Scandinavian J. of forest research. 19: 65-71.
22.Yan, G., Xing, Y., Xu, L., Wang, J., Meng, W., and Wang, Q. 2016. Nitrogen deposition may enhance soil carbon storage via change of soil respiration dynamic during a spring freeze-thaw cycle period. Scientific reports. 6: 1. 1-9.
23.Parton, W.J. 1984. Predicting soil temperatures in a shortgrass steppe. Soil Science. 138: 2. 93-101.
24.Stathers, R., Black, T., and Novak, M. 1985. Modelling soil temperature in forest clearcuts using climate station data. Agricultural and forest meteorology. 36: 2. 153-64.
25.Xu, M., and Qi, Y. 2001. Spatial and seasonal variations of Q10 determined by soil respiration measurements at a Sierra Nevadan forest. Global Biogeochemical Cycles. 15: 3. 687-696.
26.Moyes, A.B., and Bowling, D.R. 2013. Interannual variation in seasonal drivers of soil respiration in a semi-arid Rocky Mountain meadow. Biogeochemistry. 113: 1. 683-697.
27.Su, F., Xu, S., Sayer, EJ., Chen, W., Du, Y., and Lu, X. 2021. Distinct storage mechanisms of soil organic carbon in coniferous forest and evergreen broadleaf forest in tropical China. J. of Environmental Management. 295: 113142.
28.Gao, W., Huang, Z., Ye, G., Yue, X., and Chen, Z. 2018. Effects of forest cover types and environmental factors on soil respiration dynamics in a coastal sand dune of subtropical China. J. of Forestry Research. 29: 6. 1645-55.
29.Ghazanshahi, J. 2006. Soil and Plant Analysis (translation). Homa Publication, Tehran.
30.Anderson, J.P. 1983. Soil respiration. Methods of soil analysis: part 2 chemical and microbiological properties. 9: 831-71.
31.Ding, W., Cai, Y., Cai, Z., Yagi, K., and Zheng, X. 2007. Soil respiration under maize crops: effects of water, temperature, and nitrogen fertilization. Soil Science Society of America J. 71: 3. 944-951.
32.Ungaro, F., Maienza, A., Ugolini, F., Lanini, G., Baronti, S., and Calzolari, C. 2022. Assessment of joint soil ecosystem services supply in urban green spaces: A case study in Northern Italy. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening. 67: 127455.
33.Haber, W. 1958. Ökologische untersuchung der bodenatmung:(Mit einer Übersicht über frühere Bearbeitungen, insbesondere deren Methoden). Flora oder Allgemeine Botanische Zeitung. 146: 1-2. 109-57.
34.Jia, X., Zha, T., Wang, S., Bourque, CP-A., Wang, B., and Qin, S. 2018. Canopy photosynthesis modulates soil respiration in a temperate semi-arid shrubland at multiple timescales. Plant and Soil. 432: 1. 437-450.
35.Xu, X., Han, L., Wang, Y., and Inubushi, K. 2007. Influence of vegetation types and soil properties on microbial biomass carbon and metabolic quotients in temperate volcanic and tropical forest soils. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 53: 4. 430-40.
36.Chen, Y., Luo, J., Li, W., Yu, D., and She, J. 2014. Comparison of soil respiration among three different subalpine ecosystems on eastern Tibetan Plateau, China. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 60: 2. 231-241.
37.Han, G., Sun, B., Chu, X., Xing, Q., Song, W., and Xia, J. 2018. Precipitation events reduce soil respiration in a coastal wetland based on four-year continuous field measurements. Agricultural and Forest Meteorology. 256: 292-303.
38.Rezaei‐Chiyaneh, E., Amirnia, R., Fotohi Chiyaneh, S., Maggi, F., Barin, M., and Razavi, B. 2021.  Improvement of dragonhead (Dracocephalum moldavica L.) yield quality through a coupled intercropping system and vermicompost application along with maintenance of soil microbial activity. Land Degradation & Development. 32: 9. 2833-2848.
39.Webb, J.R. 2022. Spatial patterns of CO2 fluxes across litter amended, non-amended, and native soils on cotton farms in southern NSW.
40.Okin, G.S., Heras, M.M-dl., Saco, P.M., Throop, H.L., Vivoni, E.R., and Parsons, A.J. 2015. Connectivity in dryland landscapes: shifting concepts of spatial interactions. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 13: 1. 20-27.
Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology
Volume 29, Issue 4
December 2022
Pages 59-73

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics