The effect of magnetic field on vitality, betulinic acid and antioxidant properties in birch (Betula pendula Roth.)

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Iran

2 Associate Prof., Dept. of Silviculture and Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran.

Abstract

Background and Objectives: Accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants is part of the defensive responses to pathogenic attacks that induce and activate the inducers. Plant tissue or cell culture is widely used as a sustainable method for the study of plant secondary metabolites. Betulinic acid is one of the most important anti-cancer and anti-AIDS metabolites, which mainly comes from birch species (Betula pendula Roth). Due to the near extinction of these species in Iranian forests, there is need to develop modern cell and tissue culture techniques instead of traditional methods of skin extraction. The present study was carried out in the same direction and with the aim of increasing the amount of effective substance produced.
 
Materials and Methods: Birch inner skin explants were cultured in
NT+ (2.5 mlg/l) 2-4, D + (0.5 mlg/l) BAP with 3% sucrose and 0.8%
agar and callogenesis was conducted. Subcultures were performed once a month and the 8-month-old cells were exposed to a magnetic field.
Birch cells were treated in suspension culture (approx. 1 g of soft and
white callus in 30 ml of NT culture medium with the above-mentioned hormonal compounds without agar) by static magnetic field with
an intensity of 30 mT and on days 8-11 after sub culture, 4 hours a day. Next, cell viability, growth rate, betulinic acid and antioxidant properties in cells treated with a magnetic field were measured and compared to untreated cells.
 
Results: The results of this study showed that the growth rate, betulinic acid and antioxidant properties of treated cells increased compared to control cells. However, cell viability was not affected by the magnetic field. The amount of magnetic input did not cause cell death or death. In the treated cultures, the total betulinic acid production (18.51 g/l), the ratio of antioxidant properties (40.09%) and the ratio of growth (0.12%) were 2.5, 2.8 and 1.2 times higher than the control cultures of (7.28 g/l), (40.09%) and (0.09), respectively.
Conclusion: In this study, the magnetic field, like other inducers or elicitors, induces secondary metabolism in cells by triggering the message chain through oxidative stress, and increased the production of secondary metabolites in birch cells compared to control samples. It can also be said that the electromagnetic field as an artificial stress caused the cells to react and increase the growth and production of active substances. This elicitor can increase the medicinal properties of birch by increasing the amount of betulinic acid and antioxidant capacity.

Keywords

References

 1.Wang, H.Y., Zeng, X.B., Guo, S.Y., and Li, Z.T. 2008. Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant defense system of recirculation-cultured Chlorella vulgaris. J. of the Bioelectromagnetics Society.29: 1. 39-46.
2.Dhawi, F., Al-Khayri, J.M., and Hassan, E. 2009. Static magnetic field influence on elements composition in Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Research J. Agriculture Biology Sciences. 5: 161-166.
3.Vasilevski, G. 2003. Perspectives of the application of biophysical methods in sustainable agriculture. Bulgarian J. Plant Physiology (Special Issue). pp. 179-186.
4.Omidi, M., and Farzin, N. 2012. Biotechnology solutions in increasing the efficiency of medicinal plants. Modern Genetic J. 7: 3. 220-209. (In Persian)
5.Sabeti, H. 1976. Forests, Trees and shrubs of Iran. Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources of Iran, Tehran. (In Persian)
6.Jalili, A., and Arzani, H. 1999. A preliminary survey of endemic, rare and endangered plant species in Iran (red data book of Iran). Research institute of forests and rangelands. Tehran. (In Persian)
7.Hordyjewska, A., Ostapiuk, A., Horecka, A., and Kurzepa, J. 2019. Betulin and betulinic acid: triterpenoids derivatives with a powerful biological potential. Phytochemistry Reviews. 18: 929-951.
8.Fulda, S. 2008. Betulinic Acid for Cancer Treatment and Prevention. International J. of Molecular Sciences. 9: 1096-1107.
9.Alikamanoğlu, S., Yaycılı, O., Atak, C., and Rzakoulieva, A. 2007. Effect of magnetic field and gama radiation on Paulowinia tomentosa tissue culture. Biotechnology and Biotechnological Equipment. 21: 1. 49-53.
10.Atak, C., Emiroglu, O., Alikamanoglu, S., and Rzakoulive, A. 2003. Stimulation of regeneration by magnetic field in soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill) tissue cultures. J. of Cellular and Molecular Biology. 2: 113-119.
11.Radhakrishnan, R., Leelapriya, T., and Kumari, B.D. 2012. Effects of pulsed magnetic field treatment of soybean seeds on calli growth, cell damage, and biochemical changes under salt stress. J. of Bioelectromagnetics. 33: 8. 670-81.
12.Faeghi, P., and Seyedpour, N. 2013. Effects of 50 Hz electromagnetic fields on seed germination and early growth in wheat (Triticum spp.). Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences. 2: 5. 52-54.
13.Abbaszaddeh, R., Masoumian, M., Sarami, SH., Zenozi, A., and Norouzian, A. 2014. Study of the effect of electromagnetic field on the production of phenol production of aloe vera. Third Iranian Conference of Electromagnetic Engineers. (In Persian)
14.Rezaei, A., Ghanati, F., and Behmanesh, M. 2012. Stimulation of taxol production by magnetic field in cell culture of hazel (Corylus avellana L.). Iranian J. of Biomedical Engineering. 6: 113-122. (In Persian)
15.Shang, G.M., Chuan, W., and Yuan, Y. 2004. Improved cell growth and Taxol production of suspension-cultured Taxus chinensis var. mairei in alternating and direct current magnetic Fields. J. Biotechnology Letters. 26: 875-878.
16.Ulgen, C., Yıldırım, A.B., and Turker, AU. 2017. Effect of magnetic field treatments on seed germination of Melissa officinalis L. International J. of Secondary Metabolite. 4: 3. 43-49.
17.Baradaranrad, A., Arouiee, H., and Tehranifar, A. 2016. Effect of magnetic field on germination of two Calendula officinalis L. cultivars. International J. of Advanced Biotechnology and Research. 7: 662-668.
18.Mohammadi, R., and Roshandel, P. 2020. Ameliorative effects of a static magnetic field on Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) growth and phytochemical traits under water stress. Bioelectromagnetics. 41: 6. 15-31.
19.Safarizade Sani, A., Jamali, S., and Banezhad, H. 1400. Investigating the effect of irrigation with magnetic water on the function and components of the evergreen plant in different tissues. J. of Iranian Water Research. 15: 1. 75-85. (In Persian)
20.Boshehri, SH., Ghaem Maghami, SM., and Abbaszadeh, SA. 2016. Studying the effect of static magnetic square on calus creating Ginkgo Embryo in laboratory conditions. The ninth congress of the Horticultural Science. Ahvaz.
21.Rahmatinia, M., Moradi, M., Ghasemi Omran, V., and Hadadinejad, M. 2018. The effect of different magnetic field duration on direct organogenesis of African Violets (Saintpaulia Ionantha) In Tissue Culture Medium with and Without Pgrs. J. of Crop Breeding.9: 24. (In Persian)
22.Gharaati, T., Hassanpour, H., Hekmati, M., and Mousavi, F. 2020. Effects of magnetic fields on some physiological factors and antioxidant capacity of Silibum marianum L. seedlings under salt stress. J. of Plant Process and Function. 9: 38. (In Persian)
23.Rokhbin, A., and Azadbakht, M.2020. Investigation of Some Qualitative Properties of Okra under the Influence of Magnetic Field. J. of Agricultural Mechanization. 5: 1. 71-79. (In Persian)
24.Nazari, J., Payamnoor, V., and Kavosi, M.R. 2017. The evaluation absorption of some secondary metabolites (betulin, betulinic acid, phenol, flavonoids) and antioxidant activity of woodinhabiting agaric fungi on medicinal birch
tree (Betula pendula Roth.) in Golestan province. Eco-Phytochemical J. of medicenal plant. 14: 2. 44-55.(In Persian)
25.Jafari Hajati, R., Payamnoor, V., Ghasemi Bezdi, K., and Ahmadian Chashmi, N. 2016. Optimization of callus induction and cell suspension culture of Betula pendula Roth. for improved production of betulin, betulinic acid, and antioxidant activity. In vitro cellular and developmental biology-plant. 52: 4. 400-407.
26.Sahebjamei, H., Abdolmaleki, P.,and Ghanati, F. 2007. Effects of magnetic field on the antioxidant enzyme activities of suspension-cultured tobacco cells. J. of Bioelectromagnetics. 28: 42-47.
27.Payamnoor, V., Lazemi, G., Nazari, J., and Alishah, O. 2020. Evaluation the effect of elicitors on antioxidant properties and mycelial secondary metabolites of Stereum hirsutum, Hyphodontia paradoxa and Arthrinium arundinis from Golestan province.
Eco-phytochemical J. of Medicinal Plants. 2: 30. 76-88. (In Persian) 28.Mashayekhi, K., and Atashi, S. 2014. The analyzing methods in plant physiology. Sirang press. Gorgan. 310p. (In Persian)
29.Shabrangi, A., Majd, A., and Sheidai, M. 2011. Effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth, cytogenetic, protein content and antioxidant system of Zea mays L.
J. of Biotechnology. 10: 46. 9362-9369. (In Persian)
30.Mosquera Deamici, K., Barcelos Cardias, B., Alberto Vieira Costa, J., and Oliveira Santos, L. 2016. Static magnetic fields in culture of Chlorella fusca: Bioeffects on growth and biomass composition. J. of Process Biochemistry. 51: 7. 912-916.
31.Rakosy-Tican, L., Aurori, C.M., and Morariu, V.V. 2005. Influence of near null magnetic fieldon in vitro growth of potatoand wild Solanum species. J. of Bioelectromagnetics. 26: 548-557.
32.Salimi, SH., and Mahouri, Z. 2020.The effect of magnetic fields on the growth of Lens esculinaris. J. of biology. 1: 61-58. (In Persian)
33.Florez, M., Carbonell, M.V., and Martinez, E. 2007. Exposure of maize seeds to stationary magnetic fields: effects on germination and early growth. J. of Environmental and Experimental Botany. 59: 68-75.
34.Mohammadi, R., and Roshandel, P. 2020. Alternation of Growth, Phenolic Content, Antioxidant Enzymes and Capacity by Magnetic Field in Hyssopus officinalis under Water Deficit. International J. of Horticultural Science and Technology. 7: 2. 153-163.
35.Mohammadi, R., Roshandel, P., and Tadayon, A. 2019. The effects of magnetopriming on the growth, physiology and antioxidant systems in hyssop. Nova biologica reperta.6: 106-115. (In Persian)
36.Danilov, V., Bas, T., Eltez, M., and Rizakulyeva, A. 1994. Artificial magnetic field effects on yield and quality of tomatoes. Acta Horticulturae. 366: 279-285.
37.Yano, A., Ohashi, Y., Hirasaki, T., and Fujiwara, K. 2004. Effects of a 60 Hz magnetic field on photosynthetic CO2 uptake and early growth of radish seedlings. J. of Bioelectromagnetics.25: 572–581.
38.Aukhez, S.T., and Beharry, G.K. 2001. Effects of magnetic field on growth and polyphenolic production in callus cultures of Cassia fistula L. Sciences and Technology Research J. 8: 13-27.
39.Alaei, B., Amiri Chayjan, R., and Sarikhani, H. 2020. The effect of static and dynamic magnetic fields on some chemical properties of Pomegranate Arils. Iranian J. of Biosystem Engineering. 50: 4. 823-831. (In Persian)
40.Hosseini, S., Rafiee Alhoseini, M., and Roshandel, Roshandel, P. 2019. The effect of magnetic field pretreatment on the growth and activity of antioxidant enzymes in Guizotia abyssinica under drought stress conditions. J. of Plant Process and Function. 7: 27. 219-235. (In Persian)
41.Moradipour, L., and Payamnoor, V. 1400. Effect of magnetic field as abiotic elicitor on growth and antioxidant activities of Ganoderma lucidum mycelium, 3rd International Congress and 4th National Conference on Biotechnology of Medicinal Plants and Mountain Fungi (Virtual). Zanjan.
42.Alemán, E.I., Mbogholi, A., Boix,Y.F., González-Olmedo, J., and Chalfun-Junior, A. 2014. Effects of EMFs on some biological parameters in coffee plants (Coffea arabica L.) obtained by in vitro propagation. J. of Development. 8: 14.
43.Haghighat, N., Abdolmaleki, P., Ghanati, F., Behmanesh, M., and Payez, A. 2014. Modification of catalase and MAPK in Vicia faba cultivated in soil with high natural radioactivity and treated with a static magnetic field. J. of Plant Physiolgy. 171: 99-103.
44.Cakmak, T., Cakmak, Z.E., Dumlupinar, R., and Tekinay, T. 2012. Analysis of apoplastic and symplastic antioxidant system in shallot leaves: Impacts of weak static electric and magnetic field. J. of Plant Physiolgy. 169: 1066-1073.
Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology
Volume 29, Issue 2
June 2022
Pages 39-57

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics