Determination and modeling of diameter and basal area of beech tree (Fagus Orientalis Lipsky) in Golestan province

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

Authors

1 Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

2 3Associate Professor of Water Engineering., Dept. of Water Engineering, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Abstract

Abstract
Background and Objectives: Determining and estimating the tree diameter growth and basal area growth of beech are very important in forest management and planning. Due to, the beech trees is one of the most valuable species in Hyrcanian forests, so the aim of this study is determine and modeling the tree diameter growth and basal area growth of the beech tree in forestry plans in Golestan province.
Materials and Metods: This study was conducted in four forestry plans Vatana, Kordkoy, Shamoshak and Shast-Kalate located in Golestan province. In the study area, 19 beech trees were selected from healthy trees with criteria such as no twisting of the trunk and no wounding of the trunk at a similar altitude from among the healthy stands. A disk (10 cm-thick) at breast height was selected. The maximum, minimum and mean age of the trees in the study area are 243 years (2016-1773), 99 and 142 years, respectively. After preparing the samples, the width of the annual rings of trees was measured using a LINTAB with 0.01 mm accuracy. Then, the average diameter growth and annual basal area growth of trees were determined and the relationship between diameter at breast height and growth diameter and basal area growth was evaluated using four models: Hyperbolic, Heat capacity, Modified power and Richard.
Results:
The results showed that with increasing age of beech trees, the diameter growth increased and reached its peak in 1955, then it started a downward trend. The results also showed that with increasing tree age, annual basal area growth of the tree also increases, in compare to diameter growth, annual basal area growth reaches a maximum in 1990 and then takes a downward trend. The results showed that The diameter growth and annual basal area were 3.93 mm and 17.52 cm2, respectively. The results of modeling also showed that the heat capacity model, compared to other models, could better explain the diameter and basal area with a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.37 and R2 = 0.69, respectively. The results of uncertainty analysis also showed that the real average of diameter growth and basal area growth characteristics is in the range of 95% confidence intervals, which shows the appropriate and reliable performance of the model.
Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that diameter growth and annual basal area were 3.93 mm and 17.52 cm2, respectively and DBH as an dependent variable explains 37% and 69% of changes in diameter growth and annual basal area.

Keywords

References

1.Ahmadi, K., Alavi, S.J., and Tabari Kouchaksaraei, M. 2015. Evaluation of oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.) site productivity using a generalized additive model (Case study: Tarbiat Modares University Forest Research Station). Iranian J. of Forest. 7: 1. 17-32.(In Persian)
2.Alami, A., Oladi, J., Fallah, A., and  Maghsoudi, Y. 2018. Evaluation of nonlinear diameter-height models of alder species in Hyrcanian forests (Case study: Rezaian forest). Iranian Natural Ecosystems Quarterly. 9: 2. 12-1. (In Persian)
3.Amaro, A., Reed, D., and Soares, P.
2003. Modeling forest systems. CABI Publishing: Wallingford, Oxon, UK, 432p.
4.Amini, M., Namiranian, M., Sagheb Talebi, Kh., and Amini, R. 2008. Investigation on the homogeneity of diameter increment models in Fagus orientalis L. trees. J. of Wood and Forest Science and Technology Research. 16: 4. 1-23. (In Persian)
5.Banj Shafiei, A., Akbarinia, M., Jalali, Gh., and Alijanpour A. 2009. Effect of forest fire on diameter growth of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and hornbeam (Carpinus betulus L.): a case study in Kheyroud forest. Iranian J. of forest
and poplar research. 17: 3. 464-474.(In Persian)
6.Bayat, M., Namiranian, M., and Zobeiry, M. 2017. Determining the growing volume, height, and the number of
trees in the forest using permanent sample plots. Forest and Wood Products. 67: 3. 423-435. (In Persian)
7.Bayat, M., Pukkala, T., Namiranian, M., and Zobeiri, M. 2013. Productivity and optimal management of the uneven-aged hardwood forests of Hyrcania. European J. of Forest Research. 132: 5. 851-864.(In Persian)
8.Cienciala, E., Russ, R., Santruckova, H., Altman, J., Kopacek, J., Hunova, I., Stepanek, P., Oulehle, F., Tumajer, J., and Stahl, G. 2016. Discerning environmental factors affecting current tree growth in Central Europe. Science of the Total Environment, 573: 541-554.
9.Dr. Bahramonia management of forestry project. 2008. Faculty of Forest Sciences, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources. 478p.
10.Fallah, A., and Heydari, M. 2018. Studying the diameter growth of Persian oak and its relationship with climatic parameters in Zagros forests (Case study: Sarab-Karzan forests of Ilam). Forest Research and Development.3: 4. 361-375. (In Persian)
11.Fallahi, A., Haidari, M., and Hosseini, S.A. 2012. Study on the diameter growth of the Oak (Quercus infectoria) in the Sardasht area. Iranian J. of Natural Ecosystems. 3: 1. 15-26. (In Persian)
12.García, O. 1994. The state-space approach in growth modeling. Canadian J. of Forest Research. 24: 9. 1894-1903.
13.Ghadery, I., Hassanzad Navroodi, I., and Torkaman, J. 2013. Effect of altitude on annual diameter growth of Quercus libani Oliv in Kurdistan province. J. of plant research (Iranian J. of plant research). 26: 4. 434-443.
14.Ghazanfari, H., Nemiranian, M., Sobhani, H., Marvi Mohajer, M., and Portahmasi, K. 2005. Estimation of tree diameter growth of Lebanon
Oak (Quercus libani) in Northern Zagros forests (Case Study, Havareh khole). Iranian J. of Natural Resources. 57: 4. 649-662. (In Persian).
15.Halperin, J.L., Levine, G.N., Al-Khatib, S.M., Birtcher, K.K., Bozkurt, B., Brindis, R.G., Cigarroa, J.E., Curtis, L.H., Fleisher, L.A., Gentile, F., and Gidding, S. 2016. Further evolution of the ACC/AHA clinical practice guideline recommendation classification system: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines. Circulation. 133: 14. 1426-1428.
16.Huy, B., Poudel, K.P., and Temesgen, H. 2021. Individual tree diameter growth modeling system for Dalat pine (Pinus dalatensis Ferré) of the upland mixed tropical forests. Forest Ecology and Management. 480. 118612.
17.Jahanbazi Gojani, H., Mirbadin, A.,and Talebi, S.M. 2001. Study and determination of diameter growth of Quercus brantii Lindl in Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari province. Iranian Forest and Poplar Research. 5: 1-32.(In Persian)
18.Kalantari, H., Fallah, A., and Hojjati, S.M. 2016. Function ecology effect aspect geographic on the Cypress (Cupressus sempervirens L. var horizontalis) growth in the Abas Abad Behshahr planting stand. J. of Environmental Science and Technology. 18: 1. 163-175. (In Persian)
19.Karamdost, B., and Boniad, A.E.2005. Investigation and determination of diameter and volume growth of
beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in natural forest in Nav-Asalem region. Iranian J. of Forest and Poplar Research, 13: 4. 401-415. (In Persian)
20.Kiani, G., Jalilvand, H., and Pourmajidian, M.R. 2013. Diameter increment of Maple tree (Acer velutinum Boiss.) in plantations in Mazandaran (Case Study: Pahnekola Region). Iranian Forests Ecology. 1: 2. 94-86. (In Persian)
21.Kordkoy management of forestry project. 2008. Forests, Range and Watershed Organization. 249p.
22.Lessard, V.C., McRoberts, R.E., and Holdaway, M.R. 2001. Diameter growth models using Minnesota forest inventory and analysis data. Forest Science.47: 3. 301-310.
23.Longina, C.O. 2004. The influence of air temperature and precipitation on the radial increment of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) in northern Poland. Abstracts of Eurodendro. pp. 15-19.
24.Moradi, M., and Marvi Mohajer, M.R. 2011. Morphological characteristics and health of beech trees by diameter more than one meter (case study, Guilan province). Iranian Forest and Poplar Research. 19: 3. 311-300. (In Persian)
25.Moreno, P.C., Palmas, S., Escobedo, F.J., Cropper, W.P., and Gezan, S.A. 2017. Individual-tree diameter growth models for mixed Nothofagus second-growth forests in southern Chile. Forests. 8: 12. 506.
26.Piovesan, G., Bernabei, M., Di Filippo, A., Romagnoli, M., and Schirone, B. 2003. A long-term tree ring beech chronology from a high-elevation old-growth forest of Central Italy. Dendrochronologia. 21: 1. 13-22.
27.Rayner, M.E., and Turner, B.J. 1990. Growth and yield modeling of Australian eucalypt forests I. Historical development. Australian Forestry.53: 4. 224-237.
28.Salehnasab, A., Namiranian, M., Omid, M., and Soltani, A. 2019. Study of effective factors on diameter increment and mortality of individual trees in the uneven-aged stand. Iranian J. of Forest. 10: 4. 501-515. (In Persian)
29.Schelhaas, M.J., Hengeveld, G.M., Heidema, N., Thürig, E., Rohner, B., Vacchiano, G., Vayreda, J., Redmond, J., Socha, J., Fridman, J., and Tomter, S. 2018. Species-specific, pan-European diameter increment models based on data of 2.3 million trees. Forest Ecosystems. 5: 1. 1-19. (In Persian)
30.Shamushk management of forestry project. 2008. Forests range and watershed organization. 249p.
31.Sharma, R.P., Stefancik, I., Vacek, Z., and Vacek, S. 2019. Generalized nonlinear mixed-effects individual tree diameter increment models for beech forests in Slovakia. Forests. 10: 5. 451.
32.Siahhipor Baladeh, Z., Mirbadin, A., Amanzadeh, B., and Hemati, A. 2001. Determination of diameter growth of beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) in the north of Iran forest. Iranian J. of Forest and Poplar Research, 7: 101-129. (In Persian)
33.Vahedi, A.A., and Mettaji, A. 2016. Assessing the possible estimation of bole carbon sequestration of beech (Fagus orientalis) in the Hyrcanian forests using non-destructive methods. Iranian J. of Forest. 7: 4. 447-458.(In Persian)
34.Vanclay, J.K. 1994. Modeling forest growth and yield: Applications to mixed tropical forests; CAB International: Wallingford, Oxon, UK. 312p.
35.Vatana Management of Forestry Project. 2001. Forests, Range, and watershed organization. 420p.
36.Yang, Y., Huang, S., Meng, S.X., Trincado, G., and Vander Schaaf, C.L. 2009. A multilevel individual tree basal area increment model for aspen in boreal mixed-wood stands. Canadian J. of Forest Research. 39: 11. 2203-2214.
37.Zhang, X., Duan, A., Dong, L., Cao, Q.V. and Zhang, J. 2014. The application of Bayesian model averaging in the compatibility of stand basal area for even-aged plantations in southern China. Forest Science. 60: 4. 645-651.
38.Zhao, D., Borders, B., and Wilson, M. 2004. Individual-tree diameter growth and mortality models for bottomland mixed-species hardwood stands in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley. Forest Ecology and Management.199: 2-3. 307-
39.Zobeiry, M. 2009. Forest inventory (measurement of tree and forest),Third Edition, University of Tehran Publications. 
‏40.Zobel, B., and Talbert, J. 1984. Applied forest tree improvement. Waveland Press, Inc. Illinois. 504p.
Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology
Volume 28, Issue 4
January 2022
Pages 45-64

Files

Share

How to cite

Statistics