Evaluate the performance of clay and nanoclay in sanitary paper in terms of antibacterial, physical and mechanical properties

Document Type : Complete scientific research article

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Abstract

Background and objectives: Urinary tract infections are one of most common infectious diseases. Urinary tract infections are caused by a group of pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus and Saprophiticus in the urinary tract. The infection occurs when bacteria enter the system through the urinary tract and reproduce in the bladder. A lot of people come annually for its treatment to clinics and hospitals and too much money is spent to treat these infections. Prevention of incidence of such diseases can avoid paying the high cost of treatment. Use of sanitary paper like toilet paper and sanitary napkins with antimicrobial properties can be a good way to prevent the occurrence these diseases through a continuous removal of germs and create an environment free from germs. Clay as a natural material with a history of use in the treatment of diseases can be a good option for this purpose.
Materials and methods: As expected clay because of its negative charge causes to create the antimicrobial properties, in this study, in addition to clay, nanoclay as an antimicrobial agent used in the paper structure. These materials used to form a cover layer in concentrations of 1, 3 and 4 % wt. along with starch as a retention aid. Antimicrobial properties were examined on two Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis bacteria. Physical and mechanical properties, as well as optical characteristics (opacity) of the prepared papers, were evaluated.
Results: The results showed that the presence of clay and nanoclay could lead to inhibition the growth of both Gram-negative of Escherichia coli and gram-positive of Bacillus subtilis bacteria. At reviews, the antibacterial effect was observed that the performance was better nanoclay compared with clay, and with the increasing the percentage use of these materials, its antibacterial properties increased, especially in nanoclay. It was also observed that the presence of clay and nanoclay increase amount of water absorption of modified paper, as well as caused increased resistance to air in the paper. In the review of the strength properties also observed that the presence of clay and nanoclay improved burst index, while tear index did not change significantly.
Conclusion: The results showed that nanoclay compared with clay because of its smaller dimensions and thus more specific surface area as a hydrophilic material and also containing inhibition properties against living organisms can be introduced as a material with a high application domain in creating antimicrobial properties in the paper and used.

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References

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Journal of Wood and Forest Science and Technology
Volume 25, Issue 1
May 2018
Pages 19-38

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