1. Assadi, M., Masumi, A.A., Khatamsaz, M., and Mozaffarian, V. 1991-2005. Flora of Iran,
No. 1-43. Res. Ins. For. Rang. Pres., Tehran. (In Persian)
2. Atrakchaei, A. 2002. Study of fire effects on vegetation changes in Golestan national park.
MSc thesis of Rangeland Science. University of Mazandaran. 83p. (In Persian)
3. Azarnivand, H., and Zare Chahooki, M.A. 2008. Rangeland restoration. Tehran Univ. Press,
354p. (In Persian)
4. Baghestani Maybodi, N., and Zare, M.T. 2007. Fire behavior on range plants yield and its
application for improvement of steppic rangelands of Yazd province. J. Rang. Sci., 1(4):
327- 341. (In Persian)
5. Baghestani Maybodi, N., Farahpour, M., and Zare, M.T. 2010. Effects of fire on vegetation
cover in steppe rangelands of Iran (case study: rangelands of Yazd province). J. Environ.
Sci., 7(3): 37-42. (In Persian)
6. Banj Shafiei, A. 2006. The effects of fire on ecological characteristics of North forests of
Iran Case study in section 4 Chelir, Kheyroudkenar, (Watershed number 45 Golband,
Nowshahr). Doctoral thesis in forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Science,
Tarbiate Modares Uni., 190p. (In Persian)
7. Banj Shafiei, A., Akbarinia, M., Jalali, S.Gh., Azizi, P., and Hosseini, S.M. 2007. The effects
of fire on forest structure: Case study in section 4 Chelir,Kheyroudkenar, (Watershed
number 45 Golband, Nowshahr). Journal of Pajouhesh and Sazandegi, 76: 105-112. (In
Persian)
8. Baranian, E., Basiri, M., Bashri, H., and Tarkesh, M. 2014. The effect of size and shape of
plots on the accuracy and number of samples in study of density and canopy cover. J. Rang.,
8(1): 25-36. (In Persian)
9. Cain, S.A. 1938. The species-area curve. Amer. Midl. Nat., 19: 573-581.
10. Chaneton, E.J., and Facelli, J.M. 1991. Disturbance effects on plant community diversity:
spatial scales and dominance hierarchies. Plant Ecol., 93: 143-155.
11. Clarke, S., and French, K. 2005. Germination response to heat and smoke of 22 Poaceae
species from grassy woodlands. Aust. J. Bot., 53: 445-454.
12. Fenner, M., and Thompson, K. 2005. The Ecology of Seeds. Cambridge University Press.
13. Ghahraman, A. 1975-2005. Colorful Flora of Iran. Vol.1-26. Research Institute of Forests
and Rangelands Press, (In Persian)
14. Gholami, P., Ghorbani, J., and Shokri, M. 2012. The similarity between species composition
of vegetation and soil seed bank under different grazing intensities in Mahoor, Mammasani
rangelands, Fars Province. Journal of Range and Watershed Management, Iranian Journal of
Nat. Res., 64(4): 437-451.
15. Gonzalez, S., and Ghermandi, L. 2004. Postfire seed bank dynamics in semiarid grassland.
Plant Ecol., 187: 234-246.
16. Hamzeh'ee, B., Khanhasani, M., Khodakarami, Y., and Nemati, P.M. 2008. Floristic and
hytosociological study of Chaharzebar forests in Kermanshah. Iran J. For. Pop., 16(2): 211-
229. (In Persian)
17. Haubensak, K., D’Antonio, C., and Wixon, D. 2009. Effects of fire and environmental
variables on plant structure and composition in grazed salt desert shrub lands of the Great
Basin (USA), J. Arid Environ., 73(6): 643–650.
18. Hulbert, L.C. 1969. Fire and litter effects in undisturbed bluestem prairie in Kansas. Ecol.,
50: 874- 877.
19. Jamshidi Bakhtar, A., Marvie Mohadjer, M.R., Sagheb-Talebi, KH., Namiranian, M., and
Maroufi, H. 2014. Alteration of plant diversity after fire in Zagros forest stands, case study:
Marivan forests. Iranian J. For. Pop. Res., 21(3): 529-541. (In Persian)
20. Jazirehi, M.H., and Ebrahimi Rostaghi, M. 2005. Silviculture in Zagros. Tehran Univ. Press.
560p. (In Persian)
21. Keeley, J.E., Lubin, D., and Fortheringham, C.J. 2003. Fire and grazing impacts on plant
diversity and alien plant invasions in the Southern Sierra Nevada. Eco. App., 13(5): 1355-
1374.
22. Keeley, J.E., Fotheringham, C.J., and Keeley, M.B. 2005. Determinants of post fire recovery
and succession in Mediterranean climate shrub lands of California. Ecol. App., 15(5): 1515-
1534.
23. Killgore, A., Jackson, E., and Whitford, W.G. 2009. Fire in Chihuahuan Desert grassland:
Short-term effects on vegetation, small mammal populations, and faunal pedoturbation. J.
Arid Environ., 73: 1029-1034.
24. Mansouri, A. 2009. Effect of fire as an ecological factor on vegetation composition and
dynamics in semiarid rangelands (Case study: Bamo National Park of Shiraz). M.Sc. Thesis
in Rangeland Science, University of Mazandaran, 83p (In Persian)
25. Mirdavoodi, H.R., Marvi Mohadjer, M.R., Zahedi Amiri, Gh., and Etemad, V. 2013.
Distribution effects of plant diversity and invasive species in western Oak communities of
Iran (Case study: Dalab forest, Ilam). Iran J. For. Pop. Res., 21(1): 1-16. (In Persian)
26. Moreira, F., Delgado, A., Ferreira, S., Borralho, R., Oliveira, N., Inacio, M., Silva, J.S., and
Rego, F. 2003. Effects of Prescribed Fire on Vegetation Structure and Breeding Birds in
Young Pinus pinaster Stands of Northern Portugal. For. Ecol. Manag., 184: 225-237.
27. Platt, W.J., and Connell, J.H. 2003. Natural disturbances and directional replacement of
species. Ecological Monographs, 73: 507-522.
28. Pylypec, B., and Romo, J.T. 2003. Long-Term effects of burning festuca and stipa-
Agropyron Grasslands. Journal of Range Management, 56(6): 640-645.
29. Rafiee, F., Ejtahadi, H., and Jankju, M. 2014. Study of Plant diversity at different time
intervals after burning in a semiarid rangeland. J. Plant Res. (Iranian Journal of Biology),
27(5): 854-864 (In Persian)
30. Raunkiaer, C. 1934. The life forms of plants and statistical geographical. Oxford. Clarendon
Press, 632p.
31. Safaeian, N., and Shokri, M. 2008. The role of fire as an ecological factor in rangeland
ecosystems. Iran J. Natural Res., 51(2): 273-280. (In Persian)
32. Sarmiento, G. 1992. Adaptive strategies of perennial grasses in South American savannas.
Journal of Vegetation Science, 3: 325-336.
33. Sharifi, J., and Iemani, A.A. 2006. An evaluation of the effect of controlled firing on plant
cover change and diversity composition in Semi-Steppe Rangelands of Ardabil Province.
Iranian Journal of Natural Resource, 59(2): 517-526. (In Persian)
34. Shokri, M., Safaian, N., and Atrakchali, A. 2002. Investigation of the effects of fire on
vegetation variation in Takhti Yeylagh-Golestan national Park. Iranian Journal of Natural
Resources, 55(2): 273-282. (In Persian)
35. Tahmasebi, P. 2013. The survey of damaging effects and potential use of fire as a vegetation
management tool for Semi-Steppe Rangelands. Journal of Rangeland and Watershed
Management, 66(2): 287-298. (In Persian)
36. Thompson, K., and Grime, J.P. 1997. Seasonal variation in the seed banks of herbaceous
species in ten contrasting habitats. Journal Ecology, 67: 893–921.
37. Trabaud, L. 1994. Post-fire plant community dynamics in the Mediteranian basin. Springer,
Verlog, 107: 1-15.
38. Vahabzadeh, A.H. 2005. Principles of Environmental Science. Mashhad Univ. Press. 343p.
(Translated in Persian)
39. White, P.S., and Jentsch, A. 2001. The search for generality in studies of disturbance and
ecosystem dynamics. Progress in Botany, 62: 399-450.
40. Zida, D., Sawadogo, L., Tigabu, M., and Oden, P.C. 2007. Dynamics of sapling population
in savanna woodlands of Burkina Faso subjected to grazing,early fire and selective tree
cutting for a decade. Forest Ecology and Management, 243: 102- 115.