بررسی ریشه‌زائی دورگ های بین گونه‌ای صنوبر (Populus alba x P. euphratica) از طریق کشت مریستم

نوع مقاله : مقاله کامل علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور

2 دانشجو

3 عضو هیات علمی

4 عضو هیا علیم دانشگاه پیام نور

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: گونه‌های مختلف صنوبر اهمیت زیادی در زراعت چوب پیدا کرده‌اند و دورگ‌های بین گونه‌های مختلف امید به افزایش تولید چوب را در کشور را افزایش داده‎اند. به‎همین دلیل تلاش‌های زیادی در دورگ‌گیری بین گونه‌های مختلف این جنس صورت گرفته است تا ضمن گسترش اساس ژنتیکی آنها، از همه قابلیت‌های موجود در آنها استفاده شود و دامنه اکولوژیک آنها را نیز افزایش دهد. دورگ‌های بین گونه‌ای ضمن ایجاد تنوع ژنتیکی جدید، تفاوت‌های زیادی نیز با گونه‌های والدینی از خود نشان می‌دهند که در مواردی منشأ ایجاد ارقام پرمحصول هستند. این تحقیق در پی مطالعه تفاوت بین دورگ‌های جدید بین گونه‌های پده (Populus euphratica) به‌عنوان والد پدری و کبوده (P. alba,) به‌عنوان والد مادری از نظر قدرت ریشه‌زائی است تا در صورت امکان به‎عنوان معیاری در گزینش ژنوتیپ‌های جدید به‎کار گرفته شود.
مواد و روش‌ها: تکثیر رویشی سه دورگ جدید به‎روش کشت جوانه انتهائی انجام شد. ابتدا جوانه‌های فعال و در حال رویش از شاخه برداشت شده و پس از قطع برگ‌های جانبی جوانه‌های انتهایی، با استفاده از محلول 20% هیپوکلریت سدیم سترون شدند. یک تا دو میلی‎متر از جوانه‌های انتهایی در حال رشد جدا شده و بر روی محیط کشت MS با نصف مقادیر نیترات و ترکیب هورمونی IBA به‎میزان 01/0 میلی‎گرم در لیتر و BA به‎میزان 5/0 میلی‎گرم در لیتر قرار گرفتند. نمونه‎ها پس از استقرار برای تکثیر به محیط کشت DKW با ترکیب هورمونی 5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر BAP، 5/0 میلی‌گرم در لیتر 2iP و 05/0 میلی‌گرم درلیتر IBA منتقل شده و در اتاق رشد در شرایط نوری 16 ساعت نور و 8 ساعت تاریکی قرار داده شدند. پس از تکثیر، نمونه‌ها به‎دو محیط ریشه‌زائی DKW و ACM منتقل شدند و در پایان صفت‎های مرتبط با ریشه مطالعه و در قالب طرح آماری فاکتوریل تجزیه و تحلیل شدند.
یافته‌ها: دورگ‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر شادابی، طول شاخه و قدرت ریشه‎زائی اختلاف معنی‌داری در سطح 1% از خود نشان دادند. به‎نحوی که یکی از دورگ‌ها حتی در مرحله تکثیر و پر‌آوری هم به‎میزان زیادی ریشه تولید کرد. این دورگ در مرحله ریشه‌زائی نیز متفاوت از سایر دورگ‌ها ظاهر شد و ضمن تولید ریشه زیاد از نظر طول شاخساره‌های تولیدی نیز برتر از سایر دورگ‌ها بود.
نتیجه‌گیری: دورگ‌های مورد مطالعه از نظر ویژگی‌های رویشی از جمله توان ریشه‌دهی و طول شاخساره در تکثیر از طریق کشت مریستم به‎خوبی از هم متمایز شدند. از این تفاوت‌ها و تنوعی که در بین دورگ‌ها به‌ویژه در قدرت ریشه‌زائی مشاهده شد می‌توان در انتخاب کلن‌های برتری که در تکثیر رویشی هم سهولت ویژ‌ه‌ای دارند کمک گرفت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of rooting ability of poplar interspecific hybrids (Populus alba x P. euphratica) through apical meristem culture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Mirzaie-Nodoushan 1
  • Sadaf Khosravan 2
  • Abbas Ghamari Zare 3
  • Mohammadali Ebrahimi 4
چکیده [English]

Background and objectives: Much attention being paid on silviculture of different Populus species and their inter-specific hybrids have increased hopes for wood yield increments in Iran. For the mentioned reason much efforts have been done on hybridization between various Populus species in order to broaden their genetic basis, as well as utilizing their entire potentials and extending their ecologic zones. However, experiences of researchers have shown that produced hybrids have increased new genetic variability, as well as differences with their parental species, by which new high yielding cultivars were introduced. This research was performed in order to quantify possible differences between new inter-specific hybrids between Populus alba as female parent and P. euphratica as male parent based on their rooting capability to be introduced as a criteria for selecting new high yielding poplar genotypes.
Materials and methods: Producing a number of inter-specific hybrids between two poplar species, Populus euphratica and P. alba, vegetative propagation of three of the best hybrids through apical meristem culture was performed. First active vegetative buds were harvested and surface sterilized by dipping in 20% sodium hypochlorite for five minutes. Then one to two mm of the apical tips were inoculated on half-MS medium containing IBA and BA of 0.01 and 0.5 mg/l respectively. The explants were maintained in growth chamber at 24 ±1°C and 16/8 hr photoperiod for 60 days. DKW with 0.5 mg/l of BAP, 0.5 mg/l of 2iP and 0.5 mg/l IBA were used as proliferation medium. Propagated shoots were inoculated on two rooting media, DKW and ACM. Data were recorded on characteristics such as freshness, number and length of shoots and roots on rooted plantlets and analyzed based on a factorial experimental model.
Results: The studied hybrids were significantly different based on freshness, stem length and rooting ability, in such a way that one of the hybrids even highly rooted at proliferation stage. The hybrid was strongly different with the others studied hybrids at rooting stage by producing much more roots than others as well as producing longer shoots.
Conclusion: The studied hybrids differentiated significantly by meristem culture based on vegetative characteristics such as rooting ability and shoot length. Superior hybrids with specific rooting ability may be selected based on the observed differences between the studied genotypes.
Conclusion: The studied hybrids differentiated significantly by meristem culture based on vegetative characteristics such as rooting ability and shoot length. Superior hybrids with specific rooting ability may be selected based on the observed differences between the studied genotypes.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Apical meristem culture
  • Inter-specific hybrid
  • Populus alba
  • Populus euphratica
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